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Against a background of myogenic tone and metabolic demand, vasoactive signals originating from perivascular sympathetic and sensory nerves are integrated with endothelium\u2010derived signals to produce vasodilation or vasoconstriction. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PVN<\/jats:styled-content>s release adrenergic, cholinergic, peptidergic, purinergic, and nitrergic neurotransmitters that lead to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMC<\/jats:styled-content> contraction or relaxation via their actions on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMC<\/jats:styled-content>s, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EC<\/jats:styled-content>s, or other <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PVN<\/jats:styled-content>s. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EC<\/jats:styled-content>s release autacoids that can have opposing actions on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMC<\/jats:styled-content>s. Respective cell layers are connected directly to each other through <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GJ<\/jats:styled-content>s at discrete sites via <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MEJ<\/jats:styled-content>s projecting through holes in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IEL<\/jats:styled-content>. Whereas studies of intercellular communication in the vascular wall have centered on endothelium\u2010derived signals that govern <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMC<\/jats:styled-content> relaxation, attention has increasingly focused on signaling from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMC<\/jats:styled-content>s to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EC<\/jats:styled-content>s. Thus, via <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MEJ<\/jats:styled-content>s, neurotransmission from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PVN<\/jats:styled-content>s can evoke distinct responses from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EC<\/jats:styled-content>s subsequent to acting on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMC<\/jats:styled-content>s. To integrate this emerging area of investigation in light of vasomotor control, the present review synthesizes current understanding of signaling events that originate within <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMC<\/jats:styled-content>s in response to perivascular neurotransmission in light of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EC<\/jats:styled-content> feedback. Although often ignored in studies of the resistance vasculature, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PVN<\/jats:styled-content>s are integral to blood flow control and can provide a physiological stimulus for myoendothelial communication. Greater understanding of these underlying signaling events and how they may be affected by aging and disease will provide new approaches for selective therapeutic interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/micc.12035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,4]],"date-time":"2013-01-04T18:19:52Z","timestamp":1357323592000},"page":"217-238","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Perivascular Innervation: A Multiplicity of Roles in Vasomotor Control and Myoendothelial Signaling"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Erika B.","family":"Westcott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Pharmacology and Physiology University of Missouri Columbia Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven S.","family":"Segal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Pharmacology and Physiology University of Missouri Columbia Missouri USA"},{"name":"Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center 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