{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:01:19Z","timestamp":1789171279284,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,26]],"date-time":"2019-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002997","name":"Nierstichting","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IP12.87"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IP12.87"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002997","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microcirculation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the ability of renal contrast\u2010enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS)\u00a0to detect acute drug\u2010induced changes in renal perfusion (using the glucagon\u2010like peptide\u00a0(GLP)\u20101 receptor agonist exenatide and nitric oxide\u00a0[NO]\u2010synthase inhibitor L\u2010N<jats:sup>G<\/jats:sup>\u2010monomethyl arginine\u00a0[<jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010NMMA]), and assess its correlation with gold standard\u2010measured effective renal plasma flow in humans.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this prespecified exploratory analysis\u00a0of a placebo\u2010controlled cross\u2010over study, renal hemodynamics was assessed in 10 healthy overweight males (aged 20\u201027\u00a0years; BMI 26\u201031\u00a0kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) over two separate testing days; during placebo (isotonic saline) and subsequent exenatide infusion (Day\u2010A), and during <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010NMMA, and subsequent exenatide plus <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010NMMA infusion (Day\u2010B). Renal cortical microvascular blood flow was estimated following microbubble infusion and CEUS destruction\u2010refilling\u2010sequences. Renal cortical microvascular blood flow was compared with simultaneously measured effective renal plasma flow in humans, derived from para\u2010aminohippuric acid\u2010clearance methodology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>On Day\u2010A, effective renal plasma flow increased by 68 [26\u2010197]\u00a0mL\/min\/1.73\u00a0m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> during exenatide vs placebo infusion (+17%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.015). In parallel, exenatide increased renal cortical microvascular blood flow, from 2.42\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup> [6.54\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>\u20104.66\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup>]\u00a0AU to 4.65\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup> [2.96\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup>\u20107.74\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup>]\u00a0AU (+92%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.027). On Day\u2010B, effective renal plasma flow and renal cortical microvascular blood flow were reduced by <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010NMMA, with no significant effect of concomitant exenatide on renal hemodynamic\u2010indices assessed by either technique. Effective renal plasma flow correlated with renal cortical microvascular blood flow on Day\u2010A (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.533; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.027); no correlation was found on Day\u2010B.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Contrast\u2010enhanced ultrasonography can detect acute drug\u2010induced changes human renal hemodynamics. CEUS\u2010assessed renal cortical microvascular blood flow moderately associates with effective renal plasma flow, particularly when perfusion is in normal\u2010to\u2010high range. Renal CEUS cannot replace effective renal plasma flow measurements, but may be a complementary tool to characterize regional kidney perfusion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/micc.12580","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,17]],"date-time":"2019-07-17T07:44:10Z","timestamp":1563349450000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Assessment of real\u2010time and quantitative changes in renal hemodynamics in healthy overweight males: Contrast\u2010enhanced ultrasonography vs para\u2010aminohippuric acid clearance"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4116-555X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcel H. 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