{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T06:21:57Z","timestamp":1772518917884,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,3]],"date-time":"2019-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microcirculation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, we examined the impact of gap junction blockade on chick chorioallantoic membrane microvessels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Expression of Cx37, Cx40\/42, and Cx43 in chick chorioallantoic membrane tissue was studied by PCR, Western blot, and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. Vessel diameter changes occurring under gap junction blockade with carbenoxolone (175\u00a0\u00b5mol\/L), palmitoleic acid (100\u00a0\u00b5mol\/L), <jats:sup>43<\/jats:sup>GAP27 (1\u00a0mmol\/L) were analyzed by intravital microscopy. To analyze vascular tone, chick chorioallantoic membrane vessels were exposed to a vasodilator cocktail consisting of acetylcholine (10\u00a0\u03bcmol\/L), adenosine (100\u00a0\u03bcmol\/L), papaverine (200\u00a0\u03bcmol\/L), and sodium nitroprusside (10\u00a0\u03bcmol\/L).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In chick chorioallantoic membrane lysates, Western blot analysis revealed the expression of Cx40 and Cx43. Immunofluorescence in intact chick chorioallantoic membrane vasculature showed only Cx43, limited to arterial vessel walls. Upon gap junction blockade (3\u00a0hours) arterial and venous diameters decreased to 0.50\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.03 and 0.36\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.06 (carbenoxolone), 0.72\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.08 and 0.63\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.15 (palmitoleic acid) and 0.77\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.004 and 0.58\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.05 (GAP27), relative to initial values. Initially, diameter decrease was dominated by increasing vascular tone. After 6\u00a0hours, however, vessel tone was reduced, suggesting structural network remodeling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings suggest a major role for connexins in mediating acute and chronic diameter changes in developing vascular networks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/micc.12590","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,14]],"date-time":"2019-09-14T03:48:56Z","timestamp":1568432936000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Gap junctions regulate vessel diameter in chick chorioallantoic membrane vasculature by both tone\u2010dependent and structural mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Maibier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2010 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin Humboldt \u2010 Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Physiology Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Willem","family":"Bintig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2010 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin Humboldt \u2010 Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry &amp; Neuro Cure Cluster of Excellence Berlin Institute of Health Charit\u00e9 \u2010 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrean","family":"Goede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2010 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin Humboldt \u2010 Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Physiology Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"H\u00f6pfner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2010 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin Humboldt \u2010 Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Physiology Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang M.","family":"Kuebler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2010 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin Humboldt \u2010 Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Physiology Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany"},{"name":"DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science St. Michael's Hospital Toronto ON Canada"},{"name":"Departments of Surgery and Physiology University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy W.","family":"Secomb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology University of Arizona Tucson Arizona"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7916-3344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bianca","family":"Nitzsche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2010 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin Humboldt \u2010 Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin Berlin Germany"},{"name":"DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Axel R.","family":"Pries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2010 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin Humboldt \u2010 Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin Berlin Germany"},{"name":"German Heart Center Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700770"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000092565"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2003.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/nips.01520.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.2002.0826"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/cac.10.4-6.379.385"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2011.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.171305298"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3775368"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138920107779941462"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"H310","article-title":"Cumulative conducted vasodilation within a single arteriole and the maximum conducted response","volume":"273","author":"Rivers RJ","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.86.6.649"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvp340"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01082.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000186193.22438.6c"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","first-page":"H1723","article-title":"Conducted vasodilation elevates flow in arteriole networks of hamster striated muscle","volume":"269","author":"Kurjiaka DT","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"H349","article-title":"Structural adaptation and stability of microvascular networks: theory and simulations","volume":"275","author":"Pries AR","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2001.281.3.H1015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00757.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000394"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002983"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00786.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","unstructured":"RasbandWS.ImageJ. U.S. National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland USA; 1997\u20132005.http:\/\/rsb.info.nih.gov\/ij\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/micc.12351"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.700138"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-475X.2009.00471.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6605725"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","first-page":"148","article-title":"Gap junction inhibitors reduce endothelium\u2010dependent contractions in the aorta of spontaneously","volume":"327","author":"Tang E","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hypertensive Rats"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2002.282.1.H335"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002100100462"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1998.103by.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0702902"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2001.280.6.H2441"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12079-013-0196-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12267"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0000000000000346"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.115.012062"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-009-0765-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-6147(02)02050-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.82.7.786"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.6.3154"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10739680600746032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/Y10-099"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4652(200010)185:1<117::AID-JCP11>3.0.CO;2-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560-019-0387-z"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.114.6.1229","article-title":"VEGF transiently disrupts gap junctional communication in endothelial cells","volume":"114","author":"Suarez S","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2895"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/423593a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200707060"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S87","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.931922","article-title":"Regulation of fetoplacental vascular bed by hypoxia","volume":"58","author":"Hampl V","year":"2009","journal-title":"Physiol Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01033.2001"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","first-page":"619","article-title":"Reactivity of chicken chorioallantoic arteries, avian homologue of human fetoplacental arteries","volume":"61","author":"Lindgren I","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00945-2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI59176"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","first-page":"68","article-title":"Gap junctions synchronize vascular tone within the microcirculation","volume":"60","author":"Schmidt VJ","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000048989"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","first-page":"35","article-title":"Mechanics of microvascular remodeling","volume":"34","author":"Van Bavel E","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Hemorheol Microcirc"}],"container-title":["Microcirculation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/micc.12590","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/micc.12590","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/micc.12590","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T01:55:09Z","timestamp":1694138109000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/micc.12590"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,3]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/micc.12590"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/micc.12590","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1073-9688","1549-8719"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1073-9688","type":"print"},{"value":"1549-8719","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-06-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-09-09","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-10-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e12590"}}