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As NE is a weak \u03b2<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010adrenoceptor agonist, there is a possibility that synaptic NE is converted to epinephrine by phenylethanolamine\u2010<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010methyltransferase (PNMT) and then acts on the \u03b2<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010adrenoceptors to induce neurogenic vasodilation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Blood vessel myography technique was used to measure relaxation and contraction responses of isolated basilar arterial rings of rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nicotine\u2010induced relaxation was sensitive to propranolol, guanethidine (an adrenergic neuronal blocker), and N<jats:sup>\u03c9<\/jats:sup>\u2010nitro\u2010<jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010arginine. Nicotine\u2010 and exogenous NE\u2010induced vasorelaxation was partially inhibited by LY\u201078335 (a PNMT inhibitor), and transmural nerve stimulation depolarized the nitrergic nerve terminal directly and was not inhibited by LY\u201078335; it then induced the release of nitric oxide (NO). Epinephrine\u2010induced vasorelaxation was not affected by LY\u201078335. However, these vasorelaxations were completely inhibited by atenolol (a \u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010adrenoceptor antagonist) combined with ICI\u2010118,551 (a \u03b2<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010adrenoceptor antagonist).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results suggest that NE may be methylated by PNMT to form epinephrine and cause the release of NO and vasodilation. These results provide further evidence supporting the physiological significance of the axo\u2013axonal interaction mechanism in regulating brainstem vascular tone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/micc.12858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T07:00:10Z","timestamp":1717570810000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Role of Phenylethanolamine\u2010<i>N<\/i>\u2010methyltransferase on Nicotine\u2010Induced Vasodilation in Rat Cerebral Arteries"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Ming\u2010Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Surgery Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital  New Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shang\u2010Jen","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology National Taiwan University 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