{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T23:34:18Z","timestamp":1786836858471,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL166592"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL166592"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UH3HL145269"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3HL145269"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microcirculation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sublingual video microscopy is increasingly used to study the microcirculation in acute illness. However, the sublingual microcirculation in patients with chronic cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is understudied. Our objective was to quantify sublingual microcirculatory parameters in a large cohort of patients with CVD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One hundred and thirteen patients with CVD were enrolled. Incident dark\u2010field handheld video microscopy (IDF\u2010HVM) was used to quantify microvascular flow index (MFI), microvascular heterogeneity index (MHI), proportion of perfused vessels (PPV), perfused vessel density (PVD), and total vessel density (TVD). Data were stratified by age quartiles (20\u201339, 40\u201359, 60\u201379, 80+), cardiovascular comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, coronary artery disease, heart failure), and systemic hemodynamics (mean arterial pressure and pulse pressure).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In our 113 patient cohort, overall MFI\u2009=\u20092.86\u2009\u00b1\u20090.20; MHI\u2009=\u20090.15\u2009\u00b1\u20090.20; PPV\u2009=\u200994.3%\u2009\u00b1\u20094.9%; PVD\u2009=\u200923.1\u2009\u00b1\u20094.7\u2009mm\/mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ; and TVD\u2009=\u200924.5\u2009\u00b1\u20094.8\u2009mm\/mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      . Diabetic patients had lower mean MHI (0.10 vs. 0.17;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.046) compared to those without diabetes. There was no difference in sublingual parameters attributable to other CVDs, age, or hemodynamics.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In patients with stable cardiovascular disease, sublingual microvascular parameters are similar across age, blood pressure, and comorbidity cohorts, with the exception of decreased MHI in diabetic patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/micc.70032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T02:22:50Z","timestamp":1760408570000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Observational Study of Sublingual Microcirculation in Patients With Chronic Cardiovascular Disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4133-0721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob","family":"Niculcea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James W.","family":"Schurr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatima M.","family":"Talebi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joyce W.","family":"Wald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John C.","family":"Greenwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania 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