{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T23:05:02Z","timestamp":1790723102874,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":36,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microcirculation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sepsis is associated with hypotension, tissue hypoperfusion, and microcirculatory dysfunction leading to multi\u2010organ failure and mortality. Pentoxifylline (PTX), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, is reported to improve blood flow and viscosity. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of PTX on peripheral and renal microcirculatory alterations in sepsis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fully instrumented Wistar albino rats were randomized as the control group (only surgery), only lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group without treatment (T1), LPS group with PTX treatment (LPS\u2009+\u2009PTX), LPS group treated with only fluid resuscitation (Ringer's acetate; RA), LPS\u2009+\u2009RA, LPS group with combined treatment with PTX and RA (LPS\u2009+\u2009PTX\u2009+\u2009RA) for 3\u2009h (T2, T3 and T4). The systemic hemodynamics, renal oxygenation, leg muscle microcirculation, histological damage, and inflammatory and endothelial injury markers were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The renal cortical microvascular oxygen pressure (c\u03bcPO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) was improved by the PTX, RA, and PTX\u2009+\u2009RA treatments compared to the LPS group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The proportions of perfused vessels (PPV) and red blood cell velocity (RBCv) were significantly restored by PTX and RA compared with the LPS group at T4 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Renal damage and inflammatory cell infiltration were reduced by PTX and RA together compared with RA alone (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, we found that PTX may protect renal oxygenation, peripheral (muscle) microcirculation, renal damage, and tissue inflammatory cell infiltration in a rat model of LPS\u2010induced sepsis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/micc.70056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T03:21:14Z","timestamp":1773112874000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Protective Effects of Pentoxifylline on Peripheral Microcirculatory Dysfunction and Renal Cortical Oxygen Deficiency in a Rat Model of\n                    <scp>LPS<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Induced Sepsis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2486-3711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B\u00fclent","family":"Ergin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Adult, Laboratory of Translational Intensive Care Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus University Rotterdam  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. Rob","family":"Taal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital University Hospital Rotterdam  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deniz Erol","family":"Kutucu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science University of Istanbul  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wijnie","family":"van Dam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Adult, Laboratory of Translational Intensive Care Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus University Rotterdam  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aysegul","family":"Kapucu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science University of Istanbul  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5219-5696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sinno S. H. P.","family":"Simons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital University Hospital Rotterdam  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Can","family":"Ince","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Adult, Laboratory of Translational Intensive Care Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus University Rotterdam  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irwin K. M.","family":"Reiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital University Hospital Rotterdam  Rotterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-014-3525-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000503775"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000001098"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2024.104709"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/CH-221444"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40635-016-0106-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","article-title":"Pentoxifylline for Treatment of Sepsis and Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Neonates","volume":"3","author":"Pammi M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","article-title":"Pentoxifylline for Intermittent Claudication","volume":"9","author":"Salhiyyah K.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.08.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00316.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-79997-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13121481"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31827e83af"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-019-0473-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","article-title":"Head\u2010To\u2010Head Comparison of Two SGLT\u20102 Inhibitors on AKI Outcomes in a Rat Ischemia\u2010Reperfusion Model","volume":"153","author":"Chu C.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapie"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(83)80387-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.8.1083"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"94","article-title":"Effect of Pentoxifylline in Severe Sepsis: Results of a Randomized, Double\u2010Blind, Placebo\u2010Controlled Study","volume":"133","author":"Staubach K. 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