{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T12:59:31Z","timestamp":1785329971451,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microcirculation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>The blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic endothelial interface that protects the brain from harmful agents while regulating molecular exchange. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) compromises BBB integrity, promoting neurological damage. Antiretroviral (ARV) therapies suppress HIV replication, preventing immune system deterioration and progression to AIDS. Although Tenofovir\u2010based ARV regimens are vital for HIV treatment and prevention, their impact on cerebrovascular function remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study examined Tenofovir's effects on murine brain endothelial cells using an in\u00a0vitro BBB model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Brain endothelial cells (bEnd.5) were treated with Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF; 9.8\u201398\u2009ng\/mL) or Tenofovir Alafenamide (TAF; 1\u201310\u2009ng\/mL) for 24\u201396\u2009h. Cell proliferation, cell cycle progression (via flow cytometry) and monolayer permeability (via Transendothelial Electrical Resistance) were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both TDF and TAF treatments suppressed cell division by S\u2010phase disruption of the cell cycle and increased monolayer permeability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that prolonged TDF or TAF exposure compromises BBB integrity by inhibiting endothelial cell division and altering barrier function, which could have implications for HIV\u2010ARV\u2010induced neurodegeneration in individuals receiving long\u2010term Tenofovir\u2010based therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/micc.70079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T19:17:27Z","timestamp":1783019847000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Beyond Viral Control: Tenofovir's Hidden Impact on Blood\u2013Brain Barrier Endothelial Cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7939-5273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saarah","family":"Behardien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurobiology Research Group, Department of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences University of the Western Cape  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7153-8201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khayelihle Brian","family":"Makhathini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurobiology Research Group, Department of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences University of the Western Cape  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6081-2014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chontrelle","family":"Willemse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurobiology Research Group, Department of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences University of the Western Cape  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6070-0234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurobiology Research Group, Department of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences University of the Western Cape  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2015.00212"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-016-0405-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00334"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18091965"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987\u2010020\u201000230\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6564585"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2020.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.70593"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","unstructured":"United Nations on HIV\/AIDS \u201cFACT SHEET 2024 Global HIV Statistics People Living With HIV People Living With HIV Accessing Antiretroviral Therapy New HIV Infections AIDS\u2010Related Deaths People Most Affected by HIV \u201dUnaids (2024) 1\u20136 https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/resources\/fact\u2010sheet."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2015.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736[15]60616\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2016.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. 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