{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T01:47:04Z","timestamp":1791942424623,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,7]],"date-time":"2012-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1346976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Northwestern University Searle Leadership Fund and NIH","award":["K22 AI-073781"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K22 AI-073781"]}]},{"name":"the Northwestern University Searle Leadership Fund and NIH","award":["K22 AI-080937"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K22 AI-080937"]}]},{"name":"the NIH\/NIAID Regional Center of Excellence for Bio-defense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research (RCE)"},{"name":"the Region V \u2018Great Lakes\u2019 RCE","award":["U54 AI-057153"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54 AI-057153"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>Y<\/jats:styled-content>ersinia pestis<\/jats:italic>, the cause of the disease plague, forms biofilms to enhance flea\u2010to\u2010mammal transmission. Biofilm formation is dependent on exopolysaccharide synthesis and is controlled by the intracellular levels of the second messenger molecule cyclic diguanylate (c\u2010di\u2010GMP<\/jats:styled-content>), but the mechanisms by which Y<\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009pestis<\/jats:italic> regulates c\u2010di\u2010GMP<\/jats:styled-content> synthesis and turnover are not fully understood. Here we show that the small RNA<\/jats:styled-content> chaperone H<\/jats:styled-content>fq contributes to the regulation of c\u2010di\u2010GMP<\/jats:styled-content> levels and biofilm formation by modulating the abundance of both the c\u2010di\u2010GMP<\/jats:styled-content> phosphodiesterase HmsP<\/jats:styled-content> and the diguanylate cyclase HmsT<\/jats:styled-content>. To do so, H<\/jats:styled-content>fq co\u2010ordinately promotes hmsP<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> accumulation while simultaneously decreasing the stability of the hmsT<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> transcript. H<\/jats:styled-content>fq\u2010dependent regulation of HmsP<\/jats:styled-content> occurs at the transcriptional level while the regulation of HmsT<\/jats:styled-content> is post\u2010transcriptional and is localized to the 5\u2032 untranslated region\/proximal coding sequence of the hmsT<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> transcript. Decoupling HmsP<\/jats:styled-content> from H<\/jats:styled-content>fq\u2010based regulation is sufficient to overcome the effects of \u0394hfq<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> on c\u2010di\u2010GMP<\/jats:styled-content> and biofilm formation. We propose that Y<\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009pestis<\/jats:italic> utilizes H<\/jats:styled-content>fq to link c\u2010di\u2010GMP<\/jats:styled-content> levels to environmental conditions and that the disregulation of c\u2010di\u2010GMP<\/jats:styled-content> turnover in the absence of H<\/jats:styled-content>fq may contribute to the severe attenuation of Y<\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009pestis<\/jats:italic> lacking this RNA<\/jats:styled-content> chaperone in animal models of plague.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,24]],"date-time":"2012-08-24T08:15:06Z","timestamp":1345796106000},"page":"661-674","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["H<\/scp>fq\u2010dependent, co\u2010ordinate control of cyclic diguanylate synthesis and catabolism in the plague pathogen Y<\/scp>ersinia pestis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Lauren E.","family":"Bellows","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology\u2010Immunology Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL 60611 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin J.","family":"Koestler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara M.","family":"Karaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology\u2010Immunology Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL 60611 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Waters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 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