{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T21:24:00Z","timestamp":1792185840495,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,5]],"date-time":"2012-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1349395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>Type IV<\/jats:styled-content> pilus (T<\/jats:styled-content>4P<\/jats:styled-content>) dynamics is important for various bacterial functions including host cell interaction, surface motility, and horizontal gene transfer. T<\/jats:styled-content>4P<\/jats:styled-content> retract rapidly by depolymerization, generating large mechanical force. The gene that encodes the pilus retraction ATP<\/jats:styled-content>ase P<\/jats:styled-content>ilT<\/jats:styled-content> has multiple paralogues, whose number varies between different bacterial species, but their role in regulating physical parameters of T<\/jats:styled-content>4P<\/jats:styled-content> dynamics remains unclear. Here, we address this question in the human pathogen N<\/jats:styled-content>eisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>, which possesses two pilT<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> paralogues, namely pilT2<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> and pilU<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>. We show that the speed of twitching motility is strongly reduced in a pilT2<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> deletion mutant, while directional persistence time and sensitivity of speed to oxygen are unaffected. Using laser tweezers, we found that the speed of single T<\/jats:styled-content>4P<\/jats:styled-content> retraction was reduced by a factor of \u2248\u20092 in a pilT2<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> deletion strain, whereas pilU<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> deletion showed a minor effect. The maximum force and the probability for switching from retraction to elongation under application of high force were not significantly affected. We conclude that the physical parameters of T<\/jats:styled-content>4P<\/jats:styled-content> are fine\u2010tuned through P<\/jats:styled-content>ilT<\/jats:styled-content>2.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,5]],"date-time":"2012-10-05T06:59:10Z","timestamp":1349420350000},"page":"857-865","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["P<\/scp>ilT<\/scp>2 enhances the speed of gonococcal type IV<\/scp> pilus retraction and of twitching motility"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Rainer","family":"Kurre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Biocenter University of Cologne Z\u00fclpicher Str. 77 50937 K\u00f6ln Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"H\u00f6ne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Molecular Cell Biology Westf\u00e4lische Wilhelms Universit\u00e4t Schlossplatz 5 48149 M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Clausen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Molecular Cell Biology Westf\u00e4lische Wilhelms Universit\u00e4t Schlossplatz 5 48149 M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Meel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Biocenter University of Cologne Z\u00fclpicher Str. 77 50937 K\u00f6ln Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berenike","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Biocenter University of Cologne Z\u00fclpicher Str. 77 50937 K\u00f6ln Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.03265.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00099-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2009.06891.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05341.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00396-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2008.10.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.77.1897"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1995.tb02420.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2012.08062.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1194238"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.032656-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.104.178104"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1105073108"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2012.04.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05448.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2005.00551.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.242523299"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0402305101"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35024105"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2010.05.066"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cphc.200800654"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.7.3891-3903.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2007.01.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.121171698"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00499.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2005.04591.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1998.00935.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/19.23.6408"}],"container-title":["Molecular 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