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The injection of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T3SS<\/jats:styled-content> substrates must be carefully controlled, and dysregulation leads to altered infection kinetics and early clearance of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Y<\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009pestis<\/jats:italic>. While the sequence of events leading up to cell contact and initiation of translocation has received much attention, the regulatory events that take place after effector translocation is less understood. Here we show that the regulator <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">YopK<\/jats:styled-content> is required to maintain fidelity of substrate specificity, in addition to controlling translocation rate. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">YopK<\/jats:styled-content> was found to interact with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">YopD<\/jats:styled-content> within targeted cells during <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Y<\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009pestis<\/jats:italic> infection, suggesting that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">YopK<\/jats:styled-content>'s regulatory mechanism involves a direct interaction with the translocation pore. In addition, we identified a single amino acid in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">YopK<\/jats:styled-content> that is essential for translocation rate regulation but is dispensable for maintaining fidelity of translocation. Furthermore, we found that expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">YopK<\/jats:styled-content> within host cells was sufficient to downregulate translocation rate, but it did not affect translocation fidelity. Together, our data support a model in which <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">YopK<\/jats:styled-content> is a bifunctional protein whose activities are genetically and spatially distinct such that fidelity control occurs within bacteria and rate control occurs within host cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,4]],"date-time":"2012-12-04T18:15:00Z","timestamp":1354644900000},"page":"301-317","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["<scp>YopK<\/scp> controls both rate and fidelity of <scp>Yop<\/scp> translocation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Dewoody","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Indiana University  Bloomington IN 47405 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter M.","family":"Merritt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Indiana University  Bloomington IN 47405 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie M.","family":"Marketon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Indiana University  Bloomington IN 47405 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(02)58102-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2005.00684.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2007.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1995.mmi_18020343.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.184.5.1287-1295.2002","article-title":"YopD and LcrH regulate expression of Yersinia enterocolitica YopQ by a posttranscriptional mechanism and bind to yopQ 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