{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:13:17Z","timestamp":1791389597093,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,3]],"date-time":"2013-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1359849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>Peptidoglycan O<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2010acetylation is a modification found in many bacteria. In G<\/jats:styled-content>ram\u2010positive pathogens, it contributes to virulence by conferring resistance to host lysozyme. However, in G<\/jats:styled-content>ram\u2010negative pathogens, its contribution to physiology and virulence is unknown. We examined the contribution of patA<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>, patB<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> and ape1<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> to peptidoglycan O<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2010acetylation in the major human pathogen N<\/jats:styled-content>eisseria meningitidis<\/jats:italic> (Nm<\/jats:styled-content>). Using genetic expression of all possible combinations of the three genes in E<\/jats:styled-content>scherichia coli<\/jats:italic> and Nm<\/jats:styled-content>, we confirmed that PatA<\/jats:styled-content> and PatB<\/jats:styled-content> were required for PG<\/jats:styled-content> O<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2010acetylation, while ApeI<\/jats:styled-content> removed the O<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2010acetyl group. ApeI<\/jats:styled-content> was active on all O<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2010acetylated muropeptides produced by PatA<\/jats:styled-content> and PatB<\/jats:styled-content> during heterologous expression in E<\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009coli<\/jats:italic> and was also active on several PG<\/jats:styled-content> structures in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Interestingly, in Nm<\/jats:styled-content>, ApeI<\/jats:styled-content> was found to preferentially de\u2010O<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2010acetylate muropeptides with tripeptide stems (GM3<\/jats:styled-content>), suggesting that its activity is highly regulated. Accordingly, de\u2010O<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2010acetylation of GM3<\/jats:styled-content> regulated glycan chain elongation and cell size. Additionally, the virulence of Nm<\/jats:styled-content> lacking ApeI<\/jats:roman><\/jats:styled-content> was drastically reduced suggesting that regulation of glycan chain length by O<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2010acetylation contributes to bacterial fitness in the host. Altogether, our results suggest that ApeI<\/jats:roman><\/jats:styled-content> represents an attractive target for new drug development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,4]],"date-time":"2013-02-04T13:32:45Z","timestamp":1359984765000},"page":"1100-1112","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["De\u2010O<\/scp><\/i>\u2010acetylation of peptidoglycan regulates glycan chain extension and affects in vivo<\/i> survival of N<\/scp>eisseria meningitidis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric J.","family":"Veyrier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur Infections Bact\u00e9riennes Invasives D\u00e9partement Infection et Epid\u00e9miologie 28 Rue du Dr. Roux Paris F\u201075015 France"},{"name":"Institut Pasteur Groupe Biologie et G\u00e9n\u00e9tique de la Paroi Bact\u00e9rienne D\u00e9partement de Microbiologie 28 Rue du Dr. Roux Paris F\u201075015 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France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhamed\u2010Kheir","family":"Taha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur Infections Bact\u00e9riennes Invasives D\u00e9partement Infection et Epid\u00e9miologie 28 Rue du Dr. Roux Paris F\u201075015 France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivo G.","family":"Boneca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur Groupe Biologie et G\u00e9n\u00e9tique de la Paroi Bact\u00e9rienne D\u00e9partement de Microbiologie 28 Rue du Dr. Roux Paris F\u201075015 France"},{"name":"INSERM Groupe Avenir Paris F\u201075015 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