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Experimental and bioinformatic data indicate that 30 proteins are exported via <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Tat<\/jats:styled-content> in <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>almonella<\/jats:italic>\u2005<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>yphimurium. However, there are no data linking specific <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Tat<\/jats:styled-content> substrates with virulence. We inactivated every <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Tat<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010exported protein and determined the virulence phenotype of mutant strains. Although a <jats:italic>tat<\/jats:italic> mutant is highly attenuated, no single <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Tat<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010exported substrate accounts for this virulence phenotype. Rather, the attenuation is due primarily to envelope defects caused by failure to translocate three <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Tat<\/jats:styled-content> substrates, the <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2010acetylmuramoyl\u2010<jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010alanine amidases, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AmiA<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AmiC<\/jats:styled-content>, and the cell division protein, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SufI<\/jats:styled-content>. Strikingly, neither the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>amiA amiC<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> nor the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>sufI<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> mutations alone conferred any virulence defect. Although <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AmiC<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SufI<\/jats:styled-content> have previously been localized to the divisome, the synthetic phenotypes observed are the first to suggest functional overlap. Many <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Tat<\/jats:styled-content> substrates are involved in anaerobic respiration, but we show that a mutant completely deficient in anaerobic respiration retains full virulence in both the oral and systemic phases of infection. Similarly, an obligately aerobic mutant is fully virulent. These results suggest that in the classic mouse model of infection, <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>yphimurium is replicating only in aerobic environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,4]],"date-time":"2013-07-04T10:44:31Z","timestamp":1372934671000},"page":"887-902","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Twin\u2010arginine translocation system (<i><scp>tat<\/scp><\/i>) mutants of <i><scp>S<\/scp>almonella<\/i> are attenuated due to envelope defects, not respiratory defects"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Maureen","family":"Craig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology University of Illinois  Urbana IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam 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