{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T21:44:33Z","timestamp":1790286273444,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,25]],"date-time":"2013-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The zinc cluster proteins are a family of transcription factors that are unique to the fungal kingdom. In the pathogenic yeast <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>andida albicans<\/jats:italic>, zinc cluster transcription factors control the expression of virulence\u2010associated traits and play key roles in the development of antifungal drug resistance. Gain\u2010of\u2010function mutations in several zinc cluster transcription factors, which result in constitutive overexpression of their target genes, are a frequent cause of azole resistance in clinical <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009albicans<\/jats:italic> isolates. We found that zinc cluster proteins can also be artificially activated by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010terminal fusion with the heterologous <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Gal<\/jats:styled-content>4 activation domain. We used this strategy to create a comprehensive library of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009albicans<\/jats:italic> strains expressing all 82 zinc cluster transcription factors of this fungus in a potentially hyperactive form. Screening of this library identified regulators of invasive filamentous growth and other phenotypes that are important during an infection. In addition, the approach uncovered several novel mediators of fluconazole resistance, including the multidrug resistance regulator <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Mrr<\/jats:styled-content>2, which controls the expression of the major <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009albicans<\/jats:italic> multidrug efflux pump <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>CDR1<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>. Artificial activation therefore is a highly useful method to study the role of zinc cluster transcription factors in <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009albicans<\/jats:italic> and other fungi of medical, agricultural and biotechnological importance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,12]],"date-time":"2013-07-12T09:36:38Z","timestamp":1373621798000},"page":"1003-1017","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Analysis of a fungus\u2010specific transcription factor family, the <i><scp>C<\/scp>andida albicans<\/i> zinc cluster proteins, by artificial activation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Schillig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Molekulare Infektionsbiologie Universit\u00e4t W\u00fcrzburg  W\u00fcrzburg 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