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Most of its transcription is constitutive and driven by RNA<\/jats:styled-content> polymerase II<\/jats:styled-content>. RNA<\/jats:styled-content> polymerase I<\/jats:styled-content> (Pol I<\/jats:styled-content>) transcribes not only ribosomal RNA<\/jats:styled-content> genes, but also protein\u2010encoding genes, including variant surface glycoproteins (VSGs<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>) and procyclins. In T<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>. brucei<\/jats:italic>, histone H<\/jats:styled-content>1 (H<\/jats:styled-content>1) is required for VSG<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> silencing and chromatin condensation. However, whether H<\/jats:styled-content>1 has a genome\u2010wide role in transcription is unknown. Here, using RNA<\/jats:styled-content> sequencing we show that H<\/jats:styled-content>1 depletion changes the expression of a specific cohort of genes. Interestingly, the predominant effect is partial loss of silencing of Pol I<\/jats:styled-content> loci, such as VSG<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> and procyclin genes. Labelling of nascent transcripts with 4\u2010thiouridine showed that H<\/jats:styled-content>1 depletion does not alter the level of labelled Pol II<\/jats:styled-content> transcripts. In contrast, the levels of 4sU<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010labelled Pol I<\/jats:styled-content> transcripts were increased by two\u2010 to sixfold, suggesting that H<\/jats:styled-content>1 preferentially blocks transcription at Pol I<\/jats:styled-content> loci. Finally, we observed that parasites depleted of H<\/jats:styled-content>1 grow almost normally in culture but they have a reduced fitness in mice, suggesting that H<\/jats:styled-content>1 is important for host\u2013pathogen interactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12677","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,19]],"date-time":"2014-06-19T15:20:32Z","timestamp":1403191232000},"page":"645-663","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["T<\/i><\/scp>rypanosoma brucei<\/i> histone H<\/scp>1 inhibits RNA<\/scp> polymerase I<\/scp> transcription and is important for parasite fitness in vivo<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Ana C.","family":"Pena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Molecular Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa Av. 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Prof. Egas Moniz, Edif\u00edcio Egas Moniz 1649\u2010028 Lisboa Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Pinto\u2010Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Molecular Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Edif\u00edcio Egas Moniz 1649\u2010028 Lisboa Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Aresta\u2010Branco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Molecular Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Edif\u00edcio Egas Moniz 1649\u2010028 Lisboa Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filipa","family":"Rijo\u2010Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Molecular Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Edif\u00edcio Egas Moniz 1649\u2010028 Lisboa Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabien","family":"Guegan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Molecular Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Edif\u00edcio Egas Moniz 1649\u2010028 Lisboa Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Pedro Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Molecular Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Edif\u00edcio Egas Moniz 1649\u2010028 Lisboa Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Carmo\u2010Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Molecular Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa Av. 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