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The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>.\u2009cholerae<\/jats:italic> virulence pathway involves an unusual transcription step: the bitopic inner\u2010membrane proteins <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TcpP<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ToxR<\/jats:styled-content> activate <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>toxT<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> transcription. As <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ToxT<\/jats:styled-content> is the primary direct transcription activator in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>.\u2009cholerae<\/jats:italic> pathogenicity, its regulation by membrane\u2010localized activators is key in the disease process. However, the molecular mechanisms by which membrane\u2010localized activators engage the transcription process have yet to be uncovered in live cells. Here we report the use of super\u2010resolution microscopy, single\u2010molecule tracking, and gene knockouts to examine the dynamics of individual <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TcpP<\/jats:styled-content> proteins in live <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>.\u2009cholerae<\/jats:italic> cells with &lt;\u200940\u2009nm spatial resolution on a 50\u2009ms timescale. Single\u2010molecule trajectory analysis reveals that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TcpP<\/jats:styled-content> diffusion is heterogeneous and can be described by three populations of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TcpP<\/jats:styled-content> motion: one fast, one slow, and one immobile. By comparing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TcpP<\/jats:styled-content> diffusion in wild\u2010type <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>.\u2009cholerae<\/jats:italic> to that in mutant strains lacking either <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>toxR<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> or the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>toxT<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> promoter, we determine that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TcpP<\/jats:styled-content> mobility is greater in the presence of its interaction partners than in their absence. Our findings support a mechanism in which <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ToxR<\/jats:styled-content> recruits <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TcpP<\/jats:styled-content> to the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>toxT<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> promoter for transcription activation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12834","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,16]],"date-time":"2014-10-16T09:59:14Z","timestamp":1413453554000},"page":"4-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Single\u2010molecule tracking in live <scp><i>V<\/i><\/scp><i>ibrio cholerae<\/i> reveals that <scp>ToxR<\/scp> recruits the membrane\u2010bound virulence regulator <scp>TcpP<\/scp> to the <scp><i>toxT<\/i><\/scp> promoter"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Beth L.","family":"Haas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Michigan  Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jyl S.","family":"Matson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology University of Toledo Medical School  Toledo OH 43614 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor J.","family":"DiRita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Michigan Medical School  Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie S.","family":"Biteen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Michigan  Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2012.08081.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.24.8309-8316.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1222981"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1127344"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1258"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.181.3.998-1004.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","unstructured":"Cravioto A. 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