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The transmission, survival and pathogenic potential of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>.\u2009burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> depend on the bacterium's ability to modulate its transcriptome as it transits between vector and reservoir host. Herein, we employed an amplification\u2010microarray approach to define the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>.\u2009burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> transcriptomes in fed larvae, fed nymphs and in mammalian host\u2010adapted organisms cultivated in dialysis membrane chambers. The results show clearly that spirochetes exhibit unique expression profiles during each tick stage and during cultivation within the mammal; importantly, none of these profiles resembles that exhibited by <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> grown organisms. Profound shifts in transcript levels were observed for genes encoding known or predicted lipoproteins as well as proteins involved in nutrient uptake, carbon utilization and lipid synthesis. Stage\u2010specific expression patterns of chemotaxis\u2010associated genes also were noted, suggesting that the composition and interactivities of the chemotaxis machinery components vary considerably in the feeding tick and mammal. The results as a whole make clear that environmental sensing by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>.\u2009burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> directly or indirectly drives an extensive and tightly integrated modulation of cell envelope constituents, chemotaxis\/motility machinery, intermediary metabolism and cellular physiology. These findings provide the necessary transcriptional framework for delineating <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>.\u2009burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> regulatory pathways throughout the enzootic cycle as well as defining the contribution(s) of individual genes to spirochete survival in nature and virulence in humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12882","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,26]],"date-time":"2014-11-26T02:24:03Z","timestamp":1416968643000},"page":"509-538","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":128,"title":["Stage\u2010specific global alterations in the transcriptomes of <scp>L<\/scp>yme disease spirochetes during tick feeding and following mammalian host adaptation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Radha","family":"Iyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology New York Medical College  Valhalla NY 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