{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T11:33:27Z","timestamp":1789904007034,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,30]],"date-time":"2015-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>In heterothallic ascomycetes, mating is controlled by two nonallelic idiomorphs that determine the \u2018sex\u2019 of the corresponding strains. We recently discovered mating\u2010type loci and a sexual life cycle in the penicillin\u2010producing fungus, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>enicillium chrysogenum<\/jats:italic>. All industrial penicillin production strains worldwide are derived from a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>MAT1\u20101<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> isolate. No <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>MAT1\u20102<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> strain has been investigated in detail until now. Here, we provide the first functional analysis of a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>MAT1\u20102<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> locus from a wild\u2010type strain. Similar to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>MAT1\u20101<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>MAT1\u20102<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> locus has functions beyond sexual development. Unlike <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>MAT1\u20101<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>MAT1\u20102<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> locus affects germination and surface properties of conidiospores and controls light\u2010dependent asexual sporulation. Mating of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>MAT1\u20102<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> wild type with a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>MAT1\u20101<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> high penicillin producer generated sexual spores. We determined the genomic sequences of parental and progeny strains using next\u2010generation sequencing and found evidence for genome\u2010wide recombination. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNP<\/jats:styled-content> calling showed that derived industrial strains had an uneven distribution of point mutations compared with the wild type. We found evidence for meiotic recombination in all chromosomes. Our results point to a strategy combining the use of mating\u2010type genes, genetics, and next\u2010generation sequencing to optimize conventional strain improvement methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,17]],"date-time":"2014-12-17T09:03:50Z","timestamp":1418807030000},"page":"859-874","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["A <scp><i>MAT1\u20132<\/i><\/scp> wild\u2010type strain from <scp><i>P<\/i><\/scp><i>enicillium chrysogenum<\/i>: functional mating\u2010type locus characterization, genome sequencing and mating with an industrial penicillin\u2010producing strain"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Julia","family":"B\u00f6hm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Christian Doppler Laboratory for Fungal Biotechnology, Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Allgemeine und Molekulare Botanik Ruhr\u2010Universit\u00e4t Bochum  Universit\u00e4tsstr. 150 D\u201044780 Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim A.","family":"Dahlmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Christian Doppler Laboratory for Fungal Biotechnology, Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Allgemeine und Molekulare Botanik Ruhr\u2010Universit\u00e4t Bochum  Universit\u00e4tsstr. 150 D\u201044780 Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hendrik","family":"G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Christian Doppler Laboratory for Fungal Biotechnology, Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Allgemeine und Molekulare Botanik Ruhr\u2010Universit\u00e4t Bochum  Universit\u00e4tsstr. 150 D\u201044780 Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"K\u00fcck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Christian Doppler Laboratory for Fungal Biotechnology, Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Allgemeine und Molekulare Botanik Ruhr\u2010Universit\u00e4t Bochum  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Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.17.3389"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1179"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2004.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1155888"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2010.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1498"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2005.08.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/APhyt.47.2012.1.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu170"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09560"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2820060"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1217943110"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"Regulation 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