{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]],"date-time":"2024-03-16T02:09:23Z","timestamp":1710554963697},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,26]],"date-time":"2015-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1424908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>Because of their small size, bacterial cells have long kept details about their inner workings a secret. We are starting to decipher their mechanistic secrets, in no small part due to the development of single\u2010molecule and super\u2010resolution fluorescence imaging, the subject of the 2014 N<\/jats:styled-content>obel P<\/jats:styled-content>rize in C<\/jats:styled-content>hemistry. These new methods have yielded a surge of discoveries about the subcellular organization and dynamics inside microbes. One example is an increased understanding of the virulence pathway within the cholera\u2010causing microbe, V<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>ibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>. Here, expression of the cholera toxin is regulated by an unusual step: transcription is activated by two inner\u2010membrane proteins. Relating potential cooperative mechanisms between these two membrane\u2010bound proteins and transcription activation is difficult using ensemble methods, which could obfuscate any underlying heterogeneity. Recent efforts using single\u2010molecule tracking and super\u2010resolution imaging have begun to unravel the heterogeneity. The results support a mechanism in which one membrane protein recruits the other in order to activate transcription. The study helps to explain the relationship between the two proteins in cholera replication and also sheds light on the broader process of membrane\u2010bound transcription activation which, although uncommon, has been observed in other organisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,26]],"date-time":"2015-01-26T02:59:15Z","timestamp":1422241155000},"page":"1-3","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Single\u2010molecule tracking and super\u2010resolution imaging shed light on cholera toxin transcription activation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Christy F.","family":"Landes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Rice University MS\u201060 Houston TX 77005 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1222981"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a000448"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","unstructured":"Cravioto A. 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