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The replication of these parasites within their target host cell is dependent on both salvage as well as <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic> synthesis of fatty acids. In <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>oxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>, fatty acid synthesis via the apicoplast\u2010localized <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FASII<\/jats:styled-content> is essential for pathogenesis, while the role of two other fatty acid biosynthetic complexes remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ER<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010localized fatty acid elongation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELO<\/jats:styled-content>) complexes are essential for parasite growth. Conditional knockdown of the nonredundant hydroxyacyl\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CoA<\/jats:styled-content> dehydratase and enoyl\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CoA<\/jats:styled-content> reductase enzymes in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELO<\/jats:styled-content> pathway severely repressed intracellular parasite growth. <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010glucose and <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010acetate labeling and comprehensive lipidomic analyses of these mutants showed a selective defect in synthesis of unsaturated long and very long\u2010chain fatty acids (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LCFAs<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VLCFAs<\/jats:styled-content>) and depletion of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylethanolamine species containing unsaturated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LCFAs<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VLCFAs<\/jats:styled-content>. This requirement for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELO<\/jats:styled-content> pathway was bypassed by supplementing the media with specific fatty acids, indicating active but inefficient import of host fatty acids. Our experiments highlight a gap between the fatty acid needs of the parasite and availability of specific fatty acids in the host cell that the parasite has to close using a dedicated synthesis and modification pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.13010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]],"date-time":"2015-04-01T14:21:23Z","timestamp":1427898083000},"page":"64-76","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["The intracellular parasite <scp><i>T<\/i><\/scp><i>oxoplasma gondii<\/i> depends on the synthesis of long\u2010chain and very long\u2010chain unsaturated fatty acids not supplied by the host cell"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Srinivasan","family":"Ramakrishnan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular Biology University of Georgia  Athens GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa D.","family":"Docampo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tropical &amp; Emerging Global University of Georgia  Athens GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James I.","family":"MacRae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Melbourne  Melbourne Vic. 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