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We have identified a\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Phr<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    peptide quorum\u2010sensing system (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TprA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \/\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PhrA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) that controls the expression of a lantibiotic gene cluster in the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ram\u2010positive human pathogen,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:italic>treptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Lantibiotics are highly modified peptides that are part of the bacteriocin family of antimicrobial peptides. We have characterized the basic mechanism for a\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Phr<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2010peptide signaling system in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:italic>.\u2009pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and found that it induces the expression of the lantibiotic genes when pneumococcal cells are at high density in the presence of galactose, a main sugar of the human nasopharynx, a highly competitive microbial environment. Activity of the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Phr<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    peptide system is not seen when pneumococcal cells are grown with glucose, the preferred carbon source and the most prevalent sugar encountered by\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:italic>.\u2009pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    during invasive disease. Thus, the lantibiotic genes are expressed under the control of both cell density signals via the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Phr<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    peptide system and nutritional signals from the carbon source present, suggesting that quorum sensing and the lantibiotic machinery may help pneumococcal cells compete for space and resources during colonization of the nasopharynx.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.13029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,13]],"date-time":"2015-04-13T11:52:58Z","timestamp":1428925978000},"page":"229-243","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["A new quorum\u2010sensing system (\n                    <scp>TprA<\/scp>\n                    \/\n                    <scp>PhrA<\/scp>\n                    ) for\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>S<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    <i>treptococcus pneumoniae<\/i>\n                    \u2005\n                    <scp>D<\/scp>\n                    39 that regulates a lantibiotic biosynthesis gene cluster"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Sharon E.","family":"Hoover","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Immunology and Molecular Genetics University of California  609 Charles E. Young Dr. East 1602 Molecular Science Building Los Angeles California 90095 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amilcar J.","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Immunology and Molecular Genetics University of California  609 Charles E. Young Dr. East 1602 Molecular Science Building Los Angeles California 90095 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ho\u2010Ching T.","family":"Tsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Indiana University Bloomington  Jordan Hall 1001 East Third Street Bloomington Indiana 47405 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhriti","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Indiana University Bloomington  Jordan Hall 1001 East Third Street Bloomington Indiana 47405 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David L.","family":"Smiley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Indiana University Bloomington  800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington Indiana 47405 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard D.","family":"DiMarchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Indiana University Bloomington  800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington Indiana 47405 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malcolm E.","family":"Winkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Indiana University Bloomington  Jordan Hall 1001 East Third Street Bloomington Indiana 47405 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beth A.","family":"Lazazzera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Immunology and Molecular Genetics University of California  609 Charles E. 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