{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T02:42:53Z","timestamp":1792291373283,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,27]],"date-time":"2015-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1445904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"P. Kraiczy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>Borrelia (<\/jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>.) bavariensis<\/jats:italic> exhibits a marked tropism for nervous tissues and frequently causes neurological manifestations in humans. The molecular mechanism by which B<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009bavariensis<\/jats:italic> overcomes innate immunity, in particular, complement remains elusive. In contrast to other serum\u2010resistant spirochetes, none of the B<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009bavariensis<\/jats:italic> isolates investigated bound complement regulators of the alternative (AP<\/jats:styled-content>) and classical pathway (CP<\/jats:styled-content>) or proteolytically inactivated complement components. Focusing on outer surface proteins BGA<\/jats:styled-content>66 and BGA<\/jats:styled-content>71, we demonstrated that both molecules either inhibit AP<\/jats:styled-content>, CP<\/jats:styled-content> and terminal pathway (TP<\/jats:styled-content>) activation, or block activation of the CP<\/jats:styled-content> and TP<\/jats:styled-content> respectively. Both molecules bind complement components C<\/jats:styled-content>7, C<\/jats:styled-content>8 and C<\/jats:styled-content>9, and thereby prevent assembly of the terminal complement complex. This inhibitory activity was confirmed by the introduction of the BGA<\/jats:styled-content>66 and BGA<\/jats:styled-content>71 encoding genes into a serum\u2010sensitive B<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009garinii<\/jats:italic> strain. Transformed spirochetes producing either BGA<\/jats:styled-content>66 or BGA<\/jats:styled-content>71 overcome complement\u2010mediated killing, thus indicating that both proteins independently facilitate serum resistance of B<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009bavariensis<\/jats:italic>. The generation of C<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010terminally truncated proteins as well as a chimeric BGA<\/jats:styled-content>71 protein lead to the localization of the complement\u2010interacting binding site within the N<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010terminus. Collectively, our data reveal a novel immune evasion strategy of B<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009bavariensis<\/jats:italic> that is directed against the activation of the TP<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.13239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,5]],"date-time":"2015-10-05T11:30:44Z","timestamp":1444044644000},"page":"407-424","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["BGA66 and BGA71 facilitate complement resistance of Borrelia bavariensis<\/i> by inhibiting assembly of the membrane attack complex"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Claudia","family":"Hammerschmidt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control University Hospital of Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Klevenhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control University Hospital of Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arno","family":"Koenigs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control University Hospital of Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresia","family":"Hallstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Biology Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volker","family":"Fingerle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Center for Borrelia Oberschlei\u00dfheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Skerka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Biology Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaas Martinus","family":"Pos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry Goethe University of Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter F.","family":"Zipfel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Biology Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology Jena Germany"},{"name":"Friedrich Schiller University Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinhard","family":"Wallich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Kraiczy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control University Hospital of Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.66.6.3937-3940.1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.327809"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.6.3685-3691.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2009.04.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0171-2985(11)80087-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115931"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004300050038"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.5.3299"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-10-43"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S1744309113012748"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.01698.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033280"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01366-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/18.8.1141"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb902"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.65.4.1228-1236.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.7.2128"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.11.6402-6410.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00138-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.1996.478594.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2007.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.185.22.6723-6727.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2012.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01094-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115972"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M007994200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00532-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2008.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s100960050005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.169.3.881"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/adt.2011.0380"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.14.4808"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1101240"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00318-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2012.10.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2005.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0171-2985(00)80094-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.12.7800-7809.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200106)31:6<1674::AID-IMMU1674>3.0.CO;2-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M308343200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-006-0691-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2008.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0171-2985(11)80504-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.3.1248-1251.1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5663","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.155.12.5663","article-title":"Mapping of the complement regulatory domains in the human factor H\u2010like protein 1 and in factor H1","volume":"155","author":"K\u00fchn S.","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1824"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.219766"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.6.3597-3602.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.12.3965-3970.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.120.6.1841","article-title":"The C5b\u20106 complex: formation, isolation, and inhibition of its activity by lipoprotein and the S\u2010protein of human serum","volume":"120","author":"Podack E.R.","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1389203033487036"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.148.3.827"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2714"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2007.03.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1923"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2006.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053659"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2012.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M805844200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013519"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03492.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI21681"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M704821200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2011.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10569","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)91000-8","article-title":"Circular polymerization of the membranolytic ninth component of complement. Dependence on metal ions","volume":"259","author":"Tschopp J.","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/298534a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.4.2351-2359.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200104053441406"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200104123441506"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02456135"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.459"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2009.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001225"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2009.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2013.05.222"}],"container-title":["Molecular Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fmmi.13239","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/mmi.13239","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T12:16:02Z","timestamp":1696248962000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/mmi.13239"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,27]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/mmi.13239"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mmi.13239","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-382X","1365-2958"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-382X","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2958","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,27]]}}}