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It has been suggested that the pigmentation is due to the accumulation of 1,8\u2010dihydroxynaphthalene (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DHN<\/jats:styled-content>) melanin. To unravel its basis and regulation, the putative melanogenic and regulatory genes were identified and functionally characterized. Unlike other <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DHN<\/jats:styled-content> melanin\u2010producing fungi, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>. cinerea<\/jats:italic> and other Leotiomycetes contain two key enzyme (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PKS<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010encoding enzymes. <jats:italic>Bcpks12<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>bcpks13<\/jats:italic> are developmentally regulated and are required for melanogenesis in sclerotia and conidia respectively. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BcYGH<\/jats:styled-content>1 converts the BcPKS13 product and contributes thereby to conidial melanogenesis. In contrast, enzymes acting downstream in conversion of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PKS<\/jats:styled-content> products (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BcBRN<\/jats:styled-content>2, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BcSCD<\/jats:styled-content>1 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BcBRN<\/jats:styled-content>1) are required for both, sclerotial and conidial melanogenesis, suggesting that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DHN<\/jats:styled-content> melanogenesis in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>. cinerea<\/jats:italic> follows a non\u2010linear pathway that is rather unusual for secondary metabolic pathways. Regulation of the melanogenic genes involves three pathway\u2010specific transcription factors (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TFs<\/jats:styled-content>) that are clustered with <jats:italic>bcpks12<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>bcpks13<\/jats:italic> and other developmental regulators such as light\u2010responsive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TFs<\/jats:styled-content>. Melanogenic genes are dispensable in vegetative mycelia for proper growth and virulence. However, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DHN<\/jats:styled-content> melanin is considered to contribute to the longevity of the reproduction structures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.13262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,30]],"date-time":"2015-10-30T10:18:51Z","timestamp":1446200331000},"page":"729-748","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":161,"title":["DHN melanin biosynthesis in the plant pathogenic fungus <i>Botrytis cinerea<\/i> is based on two developmentally regulated key enzyme (PKS)\u2010encoding genes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Julia","family":"Schumacher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen (IBBP) Westf\u00e4lische Wilhelms\u2010Universit\u00e4t (WWU) M\u00fcnster  Schlossplatz 8 48143 M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(88)90198-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002230"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.166.4.1741"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.py.24.090186.002211"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/m76-115"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2916"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1921.0003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-3575(87)90110-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/w98-119"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3852\/08-120"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00351784"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0084223"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2014.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/20.9.2380"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2010.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002974"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI-3-135"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","volume-title":"The Biology of Botrytis","author":"Coley\u2010Smith J.R.","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0601456103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(03)00323-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-011-3777-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00264-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2007.00867.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.3.1781-1794.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.079046-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201207456"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.63.1445"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi000644j"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M406758200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2649"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5SC01058F"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.phyto.37.1.447"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/B603084J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","first-page":"271","article-title":"Effect of tricyclazole and pyroquilon on myceliogenic germination of sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, S. minor, S. trifoliorum and Sclerotinia sp","volume":"31","author":"Huang H.C.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Trans Mycol Soc Japan"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","unstructured":"Jarvis W.R.(1977)BotryotiniaandBotrytisspecies: taxonomy physiology and pathogenicity. 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