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Biofilm formation in <jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic> is regulated by the intracellular levels of cyclic diguanylate (c\u2010di\u2010GMP). In this study, we investigated the role of the 3\u2032 untranslated region (3\u2032UTR) in <jats:italic>hmsT<\/jats:italic> mRNA, a transcript that encodes a diguanylate cyclase that stimulates biofilm formation in <jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic> by synthesizing the second messenger c\u2010di\u2010GMP. Deletion of the 3\u2032UTR increased the half\u2010life of <jats:italic>hmsT<\/jats:italic> mRNA, thereby upregulating c\u2010di\u2010GMP levels and biofilm formation. Our findings indicate that multiple regulatory sequences might be present in the <jats:italic>hmsT<\/jats:italic> 3\u2032UTR that function together to mediate mRNA turnover. We also found that polynucleotide phosphorylase is partially responsible for <jats:italic>hmsT<\/jats:italic> 3\u2032UTR\u2010mediated mRNA decay. In addition, the <jats:italic>hmsT<\/jats:italic> 3\u2032UTR strongly repressed gene expression at 37\u00b0C and 26\u00b0C, but affected gene expression only slightly at 21\u00b0C. Our findings suggest that the 3\u2032UTR might be involved in precise and rapid regulation of <jats:italic>hmsT<\/jats:italic> expression, allowing <jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic> to fine\u2010tune c\u2010di\u2010GMP synthesis and consequently regulate biofilm production to adapt to the changing host environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.13301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,29]],"date-time":"2015-12-29T09:50:52Z","timestamp":1451382652000},"page":"1167-1178","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The <i>hmsT<\/i> 3\u2032 untranslated region mediates c\u2010di\u2010GMP metabolism and biofilm formation in <scp><i>Y<\/i><\/scp><i>ersinia pestis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Hui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College 9, Dongdan 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