{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T06:11:45Z","timestamp":1792649505795,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,24]],"date-time":"2016-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 AI0038752, R01 AI052473, R01 TW009504, D43 TW000919, R01 DE0234431, R01 AI29743 and R01 AI087946"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AI0038752, R01 AI052473, R01 TW009504, D43 TW000919, R01 DE0234431, R01 AI29743 and R01 AI087946"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000928","name":"Welch Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AU\u20101714"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AU\u20101714"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000928","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> are unique among bacteria based on their helical cell morphology with hook\u2010shaped ends and the presence of periplasmic flagella (PF) with pronounced spontaneous supercoiling. The factors that provoke such supercoiling, as well as the role that PF coiling plays in generating the characteristic hook\u2010end cell morphology and motility, have not been elucidated. We have now identified an abundant protein from the pathogen <jats:italic>L. interrogans<\/jats:italic>, exposed on the PF surface, and named it Flagellar\u2010coiling protein A (FcpA). The gene encoding FcpA is highly conserved among <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> and was not found in other bacteria. <jats:italic>fcpA<jats:sup>\u2010<\/jats:sup><\/jats:italic> mutants, obtained from clinical isolates or by allelic exchange, had relatively straight, smaller\u2010diameter PF, and were not able to produce translational motility. These mutants lost their ability to cause disease in the standard hamster model of leptospirosis. Complementation of <jats:italic>fcpA<\/jats:italic> restored the wild\u2010type morphology, motility and virulence phenotypes. In summary, we identified a novel <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> 36\u2010kDa protein, the main component of the spirochete's PF sheath, and a key determinant of the flagella's coiled structure. FcpA is essential for bacterial translational motility and to enable the spirochete to penetrate the host, traverse tissue barriers, disseminate to cause systemic infection and reach target organs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.13403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,27]],"date-time":"2016-04-27T01:45:07Z","timestamp":1461721507000},"page":"457-470","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["A novel flagellar sheath protein, FcpA, determines filament coiling, translational motility and virulence for the <i>Leptospira<\/i> spirochete"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"101","author":[{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Elsio A.","family":"Wunder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Disease Yale School of Public Health New Haven CT 06520 USA"},{"name":"Gon\u00e7alo Moniz Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazilian Ministry of Health Salvador Bahia 40296\u2010710 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udio P.","family":"Figueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gon\u00e7alo Moniz Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazilian Ministry of Health Salvador Bahia 40296\u2010710 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Benaroudj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Unit of Biology of Spirochetes  75724 Paris cedex 15 France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Texas Medical School at Houston Houston TX 77030 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian A.","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Texas Medical School at Houston Houston TX 77030 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felipe","family":"Trajtenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular &amp; Structural Microbiology Institut Pasteur de Montevideo Montevideo 11400 Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Texas Medical School at Houston Houston TX 77030 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitermayer G.","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gon\u00e7alo Moniz Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazilian Ministry of Health Salvador Bahia 40296\u2010710 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nyles W.","family":"Charon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology West Virginia University Morgantown WV 26506 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Buschiazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular &amp; Structural Microbiology Institut Pasteur de Montevideo Montevideo 11400 Uruguay"},{"name":"Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry Institute Pasteur  75724 Paris cedex15 France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Picardeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Unit of Biology of Spirochetes  75724 Paris cedex 15 France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert I.","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Disease Yale School of Public Health New Haven CT 06520 USA"},{"name":"Gon\u00e7alo Moniz Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazilian Ministry of Health Salvador Bahia 40296\u2010710 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.72.121801.161737"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"285","volume-title":"28th Symposium of the Society for General Microbiology","author":"Berg H.C.","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00830-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.171.3.1692-1697.1989","article-title":"Cloning and sequence analysis of flaA, a gene encoding a Spirochaeta aurantia flagellar filament surface antigen","volume":"171","author":"Brahamsha B.","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.137.3.1406-1412.1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genet.36.041602.134359"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-092611-150145"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4820","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.173.15.4820-4826.1991","article-title":"The bent\u2010end morphology of Treponema phagedenis is associated with short, left\u2010handed, periplasmic flagella","volume":"173","author":"Charon N.W.","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"1397","article-title":"Analysis of sheath and core structures of the axial filament of Treponema pallidum","volume":"133","author":"Cockayne A.","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Gen Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003898"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00989-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.10.102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.88.5.1493-1496.1964","article-title":"Virulence\u2010linked colonial and morphological variation in leptospira","volume":"88","author":"Faine S.","year":"1964","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-11-129"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.180.9.2418-2425.1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cm.970090202"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.13.4895"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1403.071064"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3403","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.57.11.3403-3411.1989","article-title":"Molecular cloning and DNA sequence analysis of the 37\u2010kilodalton endoflagellar sheath protein gene of Treponema pallidum","volume":"57","author":"Isaacs R.D.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.94.1.27-31.1967"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.106.103143"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)80012-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2208"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/20.20.5636"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00131-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.182.23.6698-6706.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","first-page":"345","article-title":"Spirochete periplasmic flagella and motility","volume":"2","author":"Li C.","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00319-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-9-253"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000077867"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2010.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.05168-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.111120.110"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","first-page":"123","volume-title":"Escherichia coli and Salmonella: Cellular and Molecular Biology","author":"Macnab R.M.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08184"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qco.0000178824.05715.2c"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.200221797"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.12.3703-3711.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01293-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2013.11.1118"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2004000400003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.98.1.264-280.1969","article-title":"Purification, ultrastructure, and composition of axial filaments from Leptospira","volume":"98","author":"Nauman R.K.","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.25.5.755"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02172-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Genomics, proteomics, and genetics of leptospira","volume":"387","author":"Picardeau M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2001.02374.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.06474-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"A simple method of estimating fifty per cent endpoints","volume":"27","author":"Reed L.J.","year":"1938","journal-title":"Am J Hygiene"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01421-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/114.1.69"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/4559008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2009.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.174.14.4761-4768.1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000094056"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.107.268101"}],"container-title":["Molecular Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fmmi.13403","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/mmi.13403","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T22:24:45Z","timestamp":1696285485000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/mmi.13403"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,24]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/mmi.13403"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mmi.13403","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-382X","1365-2958"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-382X","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2958","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,24]]}}}