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In the euryarchaeon <jats:italic>Methanococcus maripaludis<\/jats:italic>, genes involved in archaella formation, including the three archaellins <jats:italic>flaB1, flaB2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>flaB3<\/jats:italic>, are mainly located in the <jats:italic>fla<\/jats:italic> operon. Previous studies have shown that transcription of <jats:italic>fla<\/jats:italic> genes and expression of Fla proteins are regulated under different growth conditions. In this study, we identify MMP1718 as the first transcriptional activator that directly regulates the <jats:italic>fla<\/jats:italic> operon in <jats:italic>M. maripaludis<\/jats:italic>. Mutants carrying an in\u2010frame deletion in <jats:italic>mmp1718<\/jats:italic> did not express FlaB2 detected by western blotting. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR analysis of purified RNA from the <jats:italic>\u0394mmp1718<\/jats:italic> mutant showed that transcription of <jats:italic>flaB2<\/jats:italic> was negligible compared to wildtype cells. In addition, no archaella were observed on the cell surface of the <jats:italic>\u0394mmp1718<\/jats:italic> mutant. FlaB2 expression and archaellation were restored when the <jats:italic>\u0394mmp1718<\/jats:italic> mutant was complemented with <jats:italic>mmp1718 in trans<\/jats:italic>. Electrophoretic motility shift assay and isothermal titration calorimetry results demonstrated the specific binding of purified MMP1718 to DNA fragments upstream of the <jats:italic>fla<\/jats:italic> promoter. Four 6 bp consensus sequences were found immediately upstream of the <jats:italic>fla<\/jats:italic> promoter and are considered the putative MMP1718\u2010binding sites. Herein, we designate MMP1718 as EarA, the first <jats:styled-content>e<\/jats:styled-content>uryarchaeal <jats:styled-content>a<\/jats:styled-content>rchaellum <jats:styled-content>r<\/jats:styled-content>egulator.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.13444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,17]],"date-time":"2016-06-17T23:23:00Z","timestamp":1466205780000},"page":"54-70","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Identification of the first transcriptional activator of an archaellum operon in a euryarchaeon"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences Queen's University Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Nash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses Public Health Agency of Canada Guelph Ontario N1G 3W4 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Berezuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology University of Guelph Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cezar M.","family":"Khursigara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology University of Guelph Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David N.","family":"Langelaan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences Queen's University Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven P.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences Queen's University Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken F.","family":"Jarrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences Queen's University Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fmrre.2004.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.051632498"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2015.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11060.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03758.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"370","article-title":"Further evidence to suggest that archaeal flagella are related to bacterial type IV pili","volume":"46","author":"Bayley D.P.","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Mol Evol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2005.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.24.13662"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2007.05913.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.13260"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/dnares\/dsi009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00668-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.000221"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0116402"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00249028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-440X(99)00057-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00035-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.20.6956-6969.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01805-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2012.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00052-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life3010086"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/470138"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","unstructured":"Jones G.M.(2011)Elucidation of protein\u2010protein interactions in the flagella structure and characterization of the glycosylation state of flagellin subunits of the methanogenic archaeon Methanococcus maripaludis. 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