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For example, <jats:italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>, the causative agent of cholera, utilizes distinct genetic programs to combat reactive oxygen species (ROS) in aquatic environments or during host infection. We previously reported that the virulence activator AphB in <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic> is involved in ROS resistance. Here by performing a genetic screen, we show that AphB represses ROS resistance gene <jats:italic>ohrA<\/jats:italic>, which is also repressed by another regulator, OhrR. Reduced forms of both AphB and OhrR directly bind to the <jats:italic>ohrA<\/jats:italic> promoter and repress its expression, whereas organic hydroperoxides such as cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) deactivate AphB and OhrR. OhrA is critical for <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic> adult mouse colonization but is dispensable when the mice are treated with antioxidants. Furthermore, similar to our previous finding that AphB and OhrR exhibit different reduction rates during the shift from oxic to anoxic environments, we found that AphB is also oxidized more slowly than OhrR under peroxide stress or exposure to oxygen. This differential regulation optimizes the expression of <jats:italic>ohrA<\/jats:italic> and contributes to <jats:italic>V. cholerae's<\/jats:italic> ability to survive in a variety of environmental niches that contain different levels of ROS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.13524","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,14]],"date-time":"2016-09-14T08:48:56Z","timestamp":1473842936000},"page":"939-949","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Thiol\u2010based switch mechanism of virulence regulator AphB modulates oxidative stress response in <i>Vibrio cholerae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Zhi","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 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