{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T15:30:02Z","timestamp":1790523002731,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,15]],"date-time":"2017-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1497484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mycobacteria have a complex cell wall structure that includes many lipids; however, even within a single subspecies of <jats:italic>Mycobacterium avium<\/jats:italic> these lipids can differ. Total lipids from an <jats:italic>M. avium<\/jats:italic> subsp. <jats:italic>paratuberculosis<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Map<\/jats:italic>) ovine strain (S\u2010type) contained no identifiable glycopeptidolipids or lipopentapeptide (L5P), yet both lipids are present in other <jats:italic>M. avium<\/jats:italic> subspecies. We determined the genetic and phenotypic basis for this difference using sequence analysis as well as biochemical and physico\u2010chemical approaches. This strategy showed that a nonribosomal peptide synthase, encoded by <jats:italic>mps1<\/jats:italic>, contains three amino acid specifying modules in ovine strains, compared to five modules in bovine strains (C\u2010type). Sequence analysis predicted these modules would produce the tripeptide Phe\u2010<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010Methyl\u2010Val\u2010Ala with a lipid moiety, termed lipotripeptide (L3P). Comprehensive physico\u2010chemical analysis of <jats:italic>Map<\/jats:italic> S397 extracts confirmed the structural formula of the native L3P as D\u2010Phe\u2010<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010Methyl\u2010L\u2010Val\u2010L\u2010Ala\u2010OMe attached in <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010ter to a 20\u2010carbon fatty acid chain. These data demonstrate that S\u2010type strains, which are more adapted in sheep, produce a unique lipid. There is a dose\u2010dependent effect observed for L3P on upregulation of CD25+ CD8 T cells from infected cows, while L5P effects were static. In contrast, L5P demonstrated a significantly stronger induction of CD25+ B cells from infected animals compared to L3P.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.13717","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,30]],"date-time":"2017-05-30T16:22:56Z","timestamp":1496161376000},"page":"525-539","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Cell wall peptidolipids of <i>Mycobacterium avium<\/i>: from genetic prediction to exact structure of a nonribosomal peptide"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"105","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5692-7898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John P.","family":"Bannantine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Animal Disease Center USDA\u2010Agricultural Research Service Ames IA 50010, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilles","family":"Etienne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale Universit\u00e9 de 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