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Here, we screened an aziridinyl 1,4\u2010benzoquinone (ABQ) library against the causative agents of trypanosomiasis, and cutaneous leishmaniasis, identifying several potent structures that exhibited EC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> values of &lt;100 nM. However, these compounds also displayed significant toxicity towards mammalian cells indicating that they are not suitable therapies for systemic infections. Using anti\u2010<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>brucei<\/jats:italic> ABQs as chemical probes, we demonstrated that these exhibit different trypanocidal modes of action. Many functioned as type I nitroreductase (TbNTR) or cytochrome P450 reductase (TbCPR) dependent prodrugs that, following activation, generate metabolites which promote DNA damage, specifically interstrand crosslinks (ICLs). Trypanosomes lacking TbSNM1, a nuclease that specifically repairs ICLs, are hypersensitive to most ABQ prodrugs, a phenotype exacerbated in cells also engineered to express elevated levels of TbNTR or TbCPR. In contrast, ABQs that contain substituent groups on the biologically active aziridine do not function as TbNTR or TbCPR\u2010activated prodrugs and do not promote DNA damage. By unravelling how ABQs mediate their activities, features that facilitate the desired anti\u2010parasitic growth inhibitory effects could be incorporated into new, safer compounds targeting these neglected tropical diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.13767","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,9]],"date-time":"2017-08-09T11:12:45Z","timestamp":1502277165000},"page":"207-222","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Distinct activation mechanisms trigger the trypanocidal activity of DNA damaging prodrugs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Emma Louise","family":"Meredith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road London E1 4NS UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ambika","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of 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