{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T16:37:31Z","timestamp":1792514251914,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,28]],"date-time":"2019-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bacterial pathogen <jats:italic>Dickeya zeae<\/jats:italic> strain EC1 produces antibiotics\u2010like phytotoxins called zeamines, which are major virulence determinants encoded by the <jats:italic>zms<\/jats:italic> gene cluster. In this study, we identified a zeamine\u2010deficient mutant with a Tn5 insertion in a gene designated as <jats:italic>vfmI<\/jats:italic> encoding a two\u2010component system (TCS) sensor histidine kinase (HK), which is accompanied by <jats:italic>vfmH<\/jats:italic> encoding a response regulator (RR) at the same genetic locus. Domain analysis shows this TCS is analogous to the VfmIH of <jats:italic>D. dadantii<\/jats:italic>, with typical characteristics of sensor HK and RR, respectively, and sharing the same operon. Deletion of either <jats:italic>vfmI<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>vfmH<\/jats:italic> resulted in decreased production of zeamines and cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs), and alleviated virulence on rice seeds and potato tubers. In <jats:italic>D. dadantii<\/jats:italic> 3937, VfmH was shown to bind to the promoters of <jats:italic>vfmA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>vfmE<\/jats:italic>, while in <jats:italic>D. zeae<\/jats:italic> EC1, VfmH could bind to the promoters of <jats:italic>vfmA<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>vfmE<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>vfmF<\/jats:italic>. RNA\u2010seq analysis of strain EC1 and its <jats:italic>vfmH<\/jats:italic> mutant also showed that the TCS positively regulated a range of virulence genes, including <jats:italic>zms<\/jats:italic>, T1SS, T2SS, T3SS, T6SS, flagellar and CWDE genes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.14233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,2]],"date-time":"2019-03-02T10:23:49Z","timestamp":1551522229000},"page":"1493-1509","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["A two\u2010component regulatory system VfmIH modulates multiple virulence traits in <i>Dickeya zeae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Mingfa","family":"Lv","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative Microbiology Research Centre South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China"},{"name":"Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control South China Agricultural University 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