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Unlike flagella of other bacteria, spirochetes' periplasmic flagella possess a complex structure called the collar, about which little is known in terms of function and composition. Using various approaches, we have identified a novel protein, BB0326, as a key component of the collar. We show that a peripheral portion of the collar is diminished in the \u0394<jats:italic>bb0326<\/jats:italic> mutant and restored in the complemented <jats:italic>bb0326+ <\/jats:italic>cells, leading us to rename BB0326 as periplasmic flagellar collar protein A or FlcA. The \u0394<jats:italic>flcA<\/jats:italic> mutant cells produced fewer, abnormally tilted and shorter flagella, as well as diminished stators, suggesting that FlcA is crucial for flagellar and stator assemblies. We provide further evidence that FlcA interacts with the stator and that this collar\u2013stator interaction is essential for the high torque needed to power the spirochete's periplasmic flagellar motors. These observations suggest that the collar provides various important functions to the spirochete's periplasmic flagellar assembly and rotation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.14428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]],"date-time":"2019-11-19T19:25:35Z","timestamp":1574191535000},"page":"418-429","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["BB0326 is responsible for the formation of periplasmic flagellar collar and assembly of the stator complex in <i>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Hui","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Brody School of Medicine East Carolina University Greenville NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial Pathogenesis Microbial Sciences Institute Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial Pathogenesis Microbial Sciences Institute Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2761-5104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md A.","family":"Motaleb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Brody School of Medicine East Carolina University Greenville NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.17.3389"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.62.3.293-300.1951"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.3.595-600.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.182.9.2445-2452.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.182.9.2445-2452.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01035-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.48979"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-092611-150145"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01288-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2011.186"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-6927-2_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.64.4.694-708.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2003.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-015-0411-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000073406"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","first-page":"557","article-title":"Population dynamics of a heterogeneous Borrelia burgdorferi B31 strain in an experimental mouse\u2010tick infectious cycle","volume":"114","author":"Elias A. 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