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FlhF, a signal recognition particle (SRP)\u2010like GTPase, has been found to regulate the flagellar number and polarity; however, its role in <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> remains unknown. <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> has an FlhF homolog (BB0270). Structural and biochemical analyses show that BB0270 has a similar structure and enzymatic activity as its counterparts from other bacteria. Genetics and cryo\u2010electron tomography studies reveal that deletion of <jats:italic>BB0270<\/jats:italic> leads to mutant cells that have less PF (4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02 PF per cell tip) and fail to form a flat\u2010ribbon, indicative of a role of BB0270 in the control of PF number and configuration. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that BB0270 localizes at the cell poles and controls the number and position of PF via regulating the flagellar protein stability and the polar localization of the MS\u2010ring protein FliF. Our study not only provides the detailed characterizations of BB0270 and its profound impacts on flagellar assembly, morphology and motility in <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>, but also unveils mechanistic insights into how spirochetes control their unique flagellar patterns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.14482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]],"date-time":"2020-02-10T12:23:07Z","timestamp":1581337387000},"page":"1122-1139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["FlhF regulates the number and configuration of periplasmic flagella in <i>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Kai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA 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