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Intracellular pathogens, including\n                    <jats:italic>F. tularensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , have evolved mechanisms to survive in the harsh environment of macrophages and neutrophils, where they are exposed to cell envelope\u2010damaging molecules. The bacterial cell wall, primarily composed of peptidoglycan (PG), maintains cell morphology, structure, and membrane integrity. Intracellular Gram\u2010negative bacteria protect themselves from macrophage and neutrophil killing by recycling and repairing damaged PG\u2013\u2013a process that involves over 50 different PG synthesis and recycling enzymes. Here, we identified a PG recycling enzyme, L,D\u2010carboxypeptidase A (LdcA), of\n                    <jats:italic>F. tularensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    that is responsible for converting PG tetrapeptide stems to tripeptide stems. Unlike\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    LdcA and most other orthologs,\n                    <jats:italic>F. tularensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    LdcA does not localize to the cytoplasm and also exhibits L,D\u2010endopeptidase activity, converting PG pentapeptide stems to tripeptide stems. Loss of\n                    <jats:italic>F. tularensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    LdcA led to altered cell morphology and membrane integrity, as well as attenuation in a mouse pulmonary infection model and in primary and immortalized macrophages. Finally, an\n                    <jats:italic>F. tularensis ldcA<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant protected mice against virulent Type A\n                    <jats:italic>F. tularensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    SchuS4 pulmonary challenge.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.14685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]],"date-time":"2021-01-20T05:39:53Z","timestamp":1611121193000},"page":"1357-1378","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["A\n                    <i>Francisella tularensis<\/i>\n                    L,D\u2010carboxypeptidase plays important roles in cell morphology, envelope integrity, and virulence"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Briana","family":"Zellner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology University of Toledo Toledo OH 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