{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T02:15:06Z","timestamp":1790734506001,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]],"date-time":"2021-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The intracellular pathogen <jats:italic>Legionella pneumophila<\/jats:italic> translocates &gt;300 effector proteins into host cells, many of which are regulated at the transcriptional level. Here, we describe a novel <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pneumophila<\/jats:italic> genomic island, which undergoes horizontal gene transfer within the <jats:italic>Legionella<\/jats:italic> genus. This island encodes two Icm\/Dot effectors: LegK3 and a previously uncharacterized effector which we named CegK3, as well as a LuxR type regulator, which we named RegK3. Analysis of this island in different <jats:italic>Legionella<\/jats:italic> species revealed a conserved regulatory element located upstream to the effector\u2010encoding genes in the island. Further analyses, including gene expression analysis, mutagenesis of the RegK3 regulatory element, controlled expression studies, and gel\u2010mobility shift assays, all demonstrate that RegK3 directly activates the expression levels of <jats:italic>legK3<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>cegK3<\/jats:italic> effector\u2010encoding genes. Additionally, the expression of all the components of the island is silenced by the Fis repressors. Comparison of expression profiles of these three genes among different <jats:italic>Legionella<\/jats:italic> species revealed variability in the activation levels mediated by RegK3, which were positively correlated with the Fis\u2010mediated repression. Furthermore, LegK3 and CegK3 effectors moderately inhibit yeast growth, and importantly, they have a strong synergistic inhibitory effect on yeast growth, suggesting these two effectors are not only co\u2010regulated but also might function together.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.14770","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,13]],"date-time":"2021-06-13T16:01:13Z","timestamp":1623600073000},"page":"766-782","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A horizontally acquired <i>Legionella<\/i> genomic island encoding a LuxR type regulator and effector proteins displays variation in gene content and regulation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Marika","family":"Linsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences Tel\u2010Aviv University Tel\u2010Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0392-253X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gil","family":"Segal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research George S. 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