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Cellulose is a major component of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> EM. It is considered an anti\u2010virulence factor because it interferes with <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> proliferation inside macrophages and virulence in mice. Its synthesis is stimulated by CsgD, the master regulator of biofilm formation in enterobacteria, which in turn is under the control of MlrA, a MerR\u2010like transcription factor. In this work, we identified a SPI\u20102\u2010encoded <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\u2010specific transcription factor homolog to MlrA, MlrB, that represses transcription of its downstream gene, <jats:italic>orf319<\/jats:italic>, and of <jats:italic>csgD<\/jats:italic> inside host cells. MlrB is induced in laboratory media mimicking intracellular conditions and inside macrophages, and it is required for intramacrophage proliferation. An increased <jats:italic>csgD<\/jats:italic> expression is observed in the absence of MlrB inside host cells. Interestingly, inactivation of the CsgD\u2010controlled cellulose synthase\u2010coding gene restored intramacrophage proliferation to rates comparable to wild\u2010type bacteria in the absence of MlrB. These data indicate that MlrB represses CsgD expression inside host cells and suggest that this repression lowers the activation of the cellulose synthase. Our findings provide a novel link between biofilm formation and <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> virulence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.14789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]],"date-time":"2021-08-03T07:12:09Z","timestamp":1627974729000},"page":"1022-1032","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Balance between bacterial extracellular matrix production and intramacrophage proliferation by a <i>Salmonella<\/i>\u2010specific SPI\u20102\u2010encoded transcription factor"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda Laura","family":"Echarren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Celular de Rosario Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas Facultad de Ciencias Bioqu\u00edmicas y Farmac\u00e9uticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda Rosario Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicol\u00e1s R.","family":"Figueroa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Celular de Rosario Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas Facultad de Ciencias Bioqu\u00edmicas y Farmac\u00e9uticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda Rosario Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisina","family":"Vitor\u2010Horen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Celular de Rosario Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas Facultad de Ciencias Bioqu\u00edmicas y Farmac\u00e9uticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda Rosario Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Graciela","family":"Pucciarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmento de Biolog\u00eda Molecular Centro de Biolog\u00eda Molecular \u2018Severo Ochoa\u2019 (CBMSO)\u2010CSIC Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Pat\u00f3genos Bacterianos Intracelulares Centro Nacional de Biotecnolog\u00eda\u2010Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CNB\u2010CSIC) Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4120-0530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Garc\u00eda\u2010del Portillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Pat\u00f3genos Bacterianos Intracelulares Centro Nacional de Biotecnolog\u00eda\u2010Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CNB\u2010CSIC) Madrid 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