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In contrast, <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic> infections in mice are limited and rarely cause disease. The factors that contribute to these differences in host adaptation and specificity remain elusive. Overall genomic similarity leads to challenges in the understanding of these significant differences in tropism. A region of major genetic divergence termed the plasticity zone (PZ) has been hypothesized to contribute to the host specificity. To evaluate this hypothesis, lateral gene transfer was used to generate multiple hetero\u2010genomic strains that are predominately <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic> but have replaced regions of the PZ with those from <jats:italic>C. muridarum<\/jats:italic>. In vitro analysis of these chimeras revealed <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\u2010like growth as well as poor mouse infection capabilities. Growth\u2010independent cytotoxicity phenotypes have been ascribed to three large putative cytotoxins (LCT) encoded in the <jats:italic>C. muridarum<\/jats:italic> PZ. However, analysis of PZ chimeras supported that gene products other than the LCTs are responsible for cytopathic and cytotoxic phenotypes. Growth analysis of associated chimeras also led to the discovery of an inclusion protein, CTL0402 (CT147), and homolog TC0424, which was critical for the integrity of the inclusion and preventing apoptosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.14832","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]],"date-time":"2021-11-05T04:31:11Z","timestamp":1636086671000},"page":"1433-1448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Inter\u2010species lateral gene transfer focused on the <i>Chlamydia<\/i> plasticity zone identifies loci associated with immediate cytotoxicity and inclusion stability"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Zoe E.","family":"Dimond","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biosciences University of Kansas  Lawrence Kansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Suchland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srishti","family":"Baid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biosciences University of Kansas  Lawrence Kansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott D.","family":"LaBrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biosciences University of Kansas  Lawrence Kansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7103-1531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katelyn R.","family":"Soules","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biosciences University of Kansas  Lawrence Kansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Stanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biosciences University of Kansas  Lawrence Kansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Carrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences Oregon State University  Corvallis Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5985-206X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Forrest","family":"Kwong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yibing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel D.","family":"Rockey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences Oregon State University  Corvallis Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2967-3079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Hybiske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2303-2465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P. 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