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In this review, we discuss mechanisms by which five structurally related proteins of the \u201cinternalin\u201d family of <jats:italic>L.\u00a0monocytogenes<\/jats:italic> (InlA, InlB, InlC, InlF, and InlP) interact with distinct host receptors to promote infection of human cells and\/or crossing of the intestinal, blood\u2013brain, or placental barriers. We focus on recent results demonstrating that the internalin proteins InlA, InlB, and InlC exploit exocytic pathways to stimulate transcytosis, entry, or cell\u2010to\u2010cell spread, respectively. We also discuss evidence that InlA\u2010mediated transcytosis contributes to traversal of the intestinal barrier, whereas InlF promotes entry into endothelial cells to breach the blood\u2013brain barrier. InlB also facilitates the crossing of the blood\u2013brain barrier, but does so by extending the longevity of infected monocytes that may subsequently act as a \u201cTrojan horse\u201d to transfer bacteria to the brain. InlA, InlB, and InlP each contribute to fetoplacental infection by targeting syncytiotrophoblast or cytotrophoblast layers of the placenta. This work highlights the diverse functions of internalins and the complex mechanisms by which these structurally related proteins contribute to disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.14836","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T06:20:21Z","timestamp":1635315621000},"page":"1407-1419","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Role of internalin proteins in the pathogenesis of <i>Listeria monocytogenes<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"116","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9188-1995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keith","family":"Ireton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Otago  Dunedin New 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of Biochemistry University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/430090"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10061400"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00969-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00186-16"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00689\u201018","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00689-18","article-title":"The host scaffolding protein Filamin A and the exocyst complex control exocytosis during InlB\u2010mediated entry of Listeria monocytogenes","volume":"87","author":"Bhalla M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infection and 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