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The epidemiology of Q fever is associated with the presence of infected animals; sheep, goats, cattle, and humans primarily become infected by inhalation of contaminated aerosols. In humans, the acute phase of the disease is characterized primarily by influenza\u2010like symptoms, and approximately 3%\u20135% of the infected individuals develop chronic infection. <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> infection activates many types of immune responses, and the bacteria\u2019s genome encodes for numerous effector proteins that interact with host immune signaling mechanisms. Here, we will discuss two forms of programmed cell death, apoptosis, and pyroptosis. Apoptosis is a form of non\u2010inflammatory cell death that leads to phagocytosis of small membrane\u2010bound bodies. Conversely, pyroptosis results in lytic cell death accompanied by the release of proinflammatory cytokines. Both apoptosis and pyroptosis have been implicated in the clearance of intracellular bacterial pathogens, including <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>. Finally, we will discuss the role of autophagy, the degradation of unwanted cellular components, during <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> infection. Together, the review of these forms of programmed cell death will open new research questions aimed at combating this highly infectious pathogen for which treatment options are limited.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.14878","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T13:51:31Z","timestamp":1641995491000},"page":"717-736","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["To die or not to die: Programmed cell death responses and their interactions with <i>Coxiella burnetii<\/i> infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"117","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1210-9284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chelsea A.","family":"Osbron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Molecular Biosciences Washington State University  Pullman Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6394-332X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan G.","family":"Goodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Molecular Biosciences Washington State University  Pullman Washington USA"},{"name":"Paul G. 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