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Advances in sequencing technologies have uncovered organisms that are exclusively found in high numbers in periodontal lesions, such as the gram\u2010positive anaerobic rod, <jats:italic>Filifactor alocis<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>F. alocis<\/jats:italic> can manipulate neutrophil effector functions, which allows the organism to survive within these granulocytes. Several neutrophil functions have been tested in the context of <jats:italic>F. alocis<\/jats:italic> challenge, but the effect of the organism on neutrophil apoptosis is still unknown. RNA sequencing of human neutrophils challenged with <jats:italic>F. alocis<\/jats:italic> showed that apoptosis pathways were differentially regulated. Compared to media\u2010cultured controls, <jats:italic>F. alocis<\/jats:italic>\u2010challenged neutrophils maintain their nuclear morphology, do not stain for Annexin V or 7\u2010AAD, and have decreased DNA fragmentation. Inhibition of apoptosis by <jats:italic>F. alocis<\/jats:italic> involved reduced caspase\u20103, \u22128, and\u2009\u2212\u20099 activation and upregulation of important anti\u2010apoptotic proteins. Prolonged lifespan was dependent on contact through TLR2\/6, and <jats:italic>F. alocis<\/jats:italic>\u2010challenged neutrophils retained their functional capacity to induce inflammation for longer timepoints. This is the first in\u2010depth characterization of neutrophil apoptotic programs in response to an oral pathogen and provides key information on how bacteria manipulate immune cell mechanisms to maintain a dysregulated inflammatory response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.14911","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,19]],"date-time":"2022-04-19T06:51:50Z","timestamp":1650351110000},"page":"1340-1351","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The emerging oral pathogen, <i>Filifactor alocis<\/i>, extends the functional lifespan of human neutrophils"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Irina","family":"Miralda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases School of Dentistry, University of Louisville  Louisville Kentucky 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