{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T02:47:38Z","timestamp":1790390858030,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]],"date-time":"2023-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Phototrophic bacteria face diurnal variations of environmental conditions such as light and osmolarity that affect their carbon metabolism and ability to generate organic compounds. The model cyanobacterium, <jats:italic>Synechocystis<\/jats:italic> sp. PCC 6803 forms a biofilm when it encounters extreme conditions like high salt stress, but the molecular mechanisms involved in perception of environmental changes that lead to biofilm formation are unknown. Here, we studied two two\u2010component regulatory systems (TCSs) that contain diguanylate cyclases (DGCs), which produce the second messenger c\u2010di\u2010GMP, as potential components of the biofilm\u2010inducing signaling pathway in <jats:italic>Synechocystis<\/jats:italic>. Analysis of single mutants provided evidence for involvement of the response regulators, Rre2 and Rre8 in biofilm formation. A bacterial two\u2010hybrid assay showed that Rre2 and Rre8 each formed a TCS with a specific histidine kinase, Hik12 and Hik14, respectively. The in vitro assay showed that Rre2 had DGC activity regardless of its de\/phosphorylation status, whereas Rre8 required phosphorylation for DGC activity. Hik14\u2010Rre8 likely functioned as an inducible sensing system in response to environmental change. Biofilm assays with <jats:italic>Synechocystis<\/jats:italic> mutants suggested that pairs of <jats:italic>hik12<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:italic>rre2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>hik14<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:italic>rre8<\/jats:italic> responded to high salinity\u2010induced biofilm formation. Inactivation of <jats:italic>hik12<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:italic>rre2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>hik14<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:italic>rre8<\/jats:italic> did not affect the performance of the light reactions of photosynthesis. These data suggest that Hik12\u2010Rre2 and Hik14\u2010Rre8 participate in biofilm formation in <jats:italic>Synechocystis<\/jats:italic> by regulating c\u2010di\u2010GMP production via the DGC activity of Rre2 and Rre8.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.15057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]],"date-time":"2023-03-17T04:45:06Z","timestamp":1679028306000},"page":"599-611","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Two cyanobacterial response regulators with diguanylate cyclase activity, Rre2 and Rre8, participate in biofilm formation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Ayumu","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University  Sendai 980\u20108579 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