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Our study reports the presence of a putative AIF\u2010like protein in <jats:italic>Entamoeba histolytica<\/jats:italic>, a caspase\u2010deficient primitive protozoan, strengthening the concept of occurrence of apoptosis in unicellular organisms as well. The putative cytoplasmic EhAIF migrates to the nucleus on receiving stresses that precede its binding with DNA, following chromatin degradation and chromatin condensation as evident from both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Down\u2010regulating the EhAIF expression attenuates the apoptotic features of insulted cells and increases the survival potency in terms of cell viability and vitality of the trophozoites, whereas over\u2010expression of the EhAIF effectively enhances the phenomena. Interestingly, metronidazole, the most widely used drug for amoebiasis treatment, is also potent to elicit similar AIF\u2010mediated cell death responses like other stresses indicating the AIF\u2010mediated cell death could be the probable mechanism of trophozoite\u2010death by metronidazole treatment. The occurrence of apoptosis in a unicellular organism is an interesting phenomenon that might signify the altruistic death that overall improves the population health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.15061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]],"date-time":"2023-04-11T02:54:55Z","timestamp":1681181695000},"page":"640-658","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Apoptosis\u2010inducing factor\u2010like protein\u2010mediated stress and metronidazole\u2010responsive programmed cell death pathway in <i>Entamoeba histolytica<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"119","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9075-1849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anwesha","family":"Bandyopadhyay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology IIT Kharagpur  Kharagpur West Bengal 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