{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:09:48Z","timestamp":1790834988377,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]],"date-time":"2023-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01KI1726A\/ 01KI2008A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01KI1726A\/ 01KI2008A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Intracellular bacteria have evolved mechanisms to invade host cells, establish an intracellular niche that allows survival and replication, produce progeny, and exit the host cell after completion of the replication cycle to infect new target cells. Bacteria exit their host cell by (i) initiation of apoptosis, (ii) lytic cell death, and (iii) exocytosis. While bacterial egress is essential for bacterial spreading and, thus, pathogenesis, we currently lack information about egress mechanisms for the obligate intracellular pathogen\n                    <jats:italic>C.\u2009burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the causative agent of the zoonosis Q fever. Here, we demonstrate that\n                    <jats:italic>C.\u2009burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                    inhibits host cell apoptosis early during infection, but induces and\/or increases apoptosis at later stages of infection. Only at later stages of infection did we observe\n                    <jats:italic>C.\u2009burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                    egress, which depends on previously established large bacteria\u2010filled vacuoles and a functional intrinsic apoptotic cascade. The released bacteria are not enclosed by a host cell membrane and can infect and replicate in new target cells. In summary, our data argue that\n                    <jats:italic>C.\u2009burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                    egress in a non\u2010synchronous way at late stages of infection. Apoptosis\u2010induction is important for\n                    <jats:italic>C.\u2009burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                    egress, but other pathways most likely contribute.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.15210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]],"date-time":"2023-12-20T00:16:31Z","timestamp":1703031391000},"page":"513-528","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Cell death induction facilitates egress of\n                    <i>Coxiella burnetii<\/i>\n                    from infected host cells at late stages of infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Jan","family":"Schulze\u2010Luehrmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mikrobiologisches Institut Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich\u2010Alexander\u2010Universit\u00e4t Erlangen\u2010N\u00fcrnberg  Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Liebler\u2010Tenorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich\u2010Loeffler\u2010Institut, Institut f\u00fcr molekulare Pathogenese  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfonso","family":"Felipe\u2010L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mikrobiologisches Institut Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich\u2010Alexander\u2010Universit\u00e4t Erlangen\u2010N\u00fcrnberg  Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1224-0880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anja","family":"L\u00fchrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mikrobiologisches Institut Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich\u2010Alexander\u2010Universit\u00e4t Erlangen\u2010N\u00fcrnberg  Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of Q fever\u2014United States, 2013: recommendations from CDC and the Q Fever Working Group","volume":"62","author":"Anderson A.","year":"2013","journal-title":"MMWR. Recommendations and Reports: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Recommendations and Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/170.1.223"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.47.2.366-369.1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00175-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2011.00097"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-00630-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2016.1139280"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01609-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2018100907"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00851-19"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1914892117"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00688-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.11.6078"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002056"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1010485107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.21.7344-7352.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010266"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","first-page":"619","article-title":"Defying death \u2010 how Coxiella burnetii copes with intentional host cell suicide","volume":"92","author":"Cordsmeier A.","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10205"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.10.5673-5678.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-0204-6_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12656"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01204-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00045-16"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01046-16"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.RA120.002370"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15698\/mic2018.12.659"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2017.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00024-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2005.00527.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.7.3236-3241.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.2003.00293.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00406-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.2013.840534"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12066"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.594932"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01127-16"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1309195110"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.02763-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb-2016-0044"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","first-page":"243","article-title":"Beginning to understand the role of the type IV secretion system effector proteins in Coxiella burnetii pathogenesis","volume":"413","author":"L\u00fchrmann A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1004380107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00863-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1522811113"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","first-page":"e52851","article-title":"Generation and multi\u2010phenotypic high\u2010content screening of Coxiella burnetii transposon mutants","volume":"99","author":"Martinez E.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Visualized Experiments: JoVE"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.4.518"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth1062"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00009-19"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155884"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054566"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01306-15"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00458-20"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00261-16"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12634"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-72340-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12494"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004201"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2015.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3049"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00505"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2007.00901.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01124-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00594-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00071-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01554-15"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007380"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030841"}],"container-title":["Molecular Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/mmi.15210","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,10]],"date-time":"2024-03-10T21:19:30Z","timestamp":1710105570000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/mmi.15210"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/mmi.15210"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mmi.15210","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-382X","1365-2958"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-382X","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2958","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-03-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-27","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-12-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}