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Those proteins have the capacity to degrade extracellular matrix components (ECM) and proteins of host's innate immunity, notably effectors of the complement system. In this study, we gained further knowledge on the role of leptolysin, one of the leptospiral\u2010secreted metalloproteinases, previously described as having a broad substrate specificity. We demonstrated that a proportion of human patients with mild leptospirosis evaluated in the current study produced antibodies that recognize leptolysin, thus indicating that the protease is expressed during host infection. Using recombinant protein and a knockout mutant strain, Manilae <jats:italic>leptolysin<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>\u2212<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>, we determined that leptolysin contributes to <jats:italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/jats:italic> serum resistance in\u00a0vitro, likely by proteolysis of complement molecules of the alternative, the classical, the lectin, and the terminal pathways. Furthermore, in a hamster model of infection, the mutant strain retained virulence; however, infected animals had lower bacterial loads in their kidneys. Further studies are necessary to better understand the role and potential redundancy of metalloproteinases on the pathogenicity of this important neglected disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.15327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T10:31:35Z","timestamp":1730457095000},"page":"720-729","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["<i>Leptospira<\/i> Leptolysin Contributes to Serum Resistance but Is Not Essential for Acute Infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Daniella","family":"dos Santos Courrol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bacteriology Butantan Institute  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cassia 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