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For example, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>, the causative agent of the severe diarrheal disease cholera, thrives in aquatic ecosystems and human hosts through dynamic survival strategies. In this study, we investigated the role of three photolyases, enzymes that repair DNA damage caused by exposure to UV radiation and blue light, in the environmental survival of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>. Among these, we identified <jats:italic>cry1<\/jats:italic> as critical for resistance to blue light, as mutations in this gene, but not in the other photolyase genes, rendered <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> susceptible to such stress. Expression of <jats:italic>cry1<\/jats:italic> was induced by blue light and regulated by RpoE and the anti\u2010sigma factor ChrR. We further showed that nitric oxide (NO), a host\u2010derived stressor encountered during infection, also activated <jats:italic>cry1<\/jats:italic> expression. We found that one of the two cysteine residues in ChrR was important for sensing reactive nitrogen species (RNS), thereby modulating <jats:italic>cry1<\/jats:italic> expression. While Cry1 was not required for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> colonization in animal models, pre\u2010induction of Cry1 by RNS in\u00a0vivo or in\u00a0vitro enhanced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> resistance to blue light. These findings suggest that host\u2010derived NO encountered during infection primes <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> for survival in blue\u2010light\u2010rich aquatic environments, supporting its transition between host and environmental niches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.15340","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T03:35:37Z","timestamp":1736998537000},"page":"295-304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["In Vivo Nitrosative Stress\u2010Induced Expression of a Photolyase Promotes <i>Vibrio cholerae<\/i> Environmental Blue Light Resistance"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Arkaprabha","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania 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