{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T11:06:34Z","timestamp":1783854394854,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Typhoid toxin, a genotoxin secreted by typhoidal\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    serovars, has been implicated in diverse host responses ranging from DNA damage to cellular senescence. In this Research Highlight, we discuss how recent findings reveal an unexpected link between toxin\u2010induced DNA damage and a noncanonical interferon\u2010like response centered on ISG15. Using transcriptomic profiling and functional infection models, a recent report by Stark and colleagues shows that intoxicated cells mount a type\u2010I interferon\u2010like transcriptional program independent of interferons. Instead, ISG15 is upregulated via a STING\u2010TBK1\u2010dependent pathway, likely triggered by cytosolic DNA sensing following toxin\u2010induced damage. Strikingly, ISG15 acts independently of its canonical ISGylation activity, remaining in its free form to promote host cell survival and antibacterial defense. Importantly, they demonstrate the role of ISG15 as a key regulator of cellular fate under genotoxic stress. This divergence from canonical interferon signaling does not only add a new flavor to our understanding of the STING pathway, it also points to alternatives for therapeutic intervention that bypass broad interferon activation. By promoting both host cell survival and antimicrobial defenses, this pathway may facilitate persistent infection and intracellular niche formation, revealing a nuanced strategy by which Salmonella exploits host responses to support long\u2010term colonization.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.70075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T06:45:18Z","timestamp":1778827518000},"page":"44-46","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<scp>ISG15<\/scp>\n                    At the Crossroads of Innate Immunity and Host Survival in Response to Typhoid Toxin"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"126","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5642-6188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camila","family":"Valenzuela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS UMR3691, Dynamics of Host\u2010Pathogen Interactions Unit Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5218-349X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jost","family":"Enninga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS UMR3691, Dynamics of Host\u2010Pathogen Interactions Unit Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005528"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0400932101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.290.5490.354"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(02)02316-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.108931"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00467\u201018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-021-03902-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.06848"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12377"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.70067"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02401-24"}],"container-title":["Molecular Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/mmi.70075","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/mmi.70075","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/mmi.70075","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T10:13:01Z","timestamp":1783851181000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/mmi.70075"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/mmi.70075"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mmi.70075","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-382X","1365-2958"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-382X","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2958","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}