{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T11:16:47Z","timestamp":1788952607434,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]],"date-time":"2026-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]],"date-time":"2026-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Autophagy is a highly conserved degradative and recycling pathway essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Although its molecular machinery is well characterized in yeast and mammalian systems, it is less studied in the early\u2010diverging apicomplexan parasite\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the causative agent of malaria.\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                    possesses a reduced yet functional repertoire of autophagy\u2010related (ATG) proteins, suggesting adaptations of this pathway to parasite\u2010specific biology. Among these, ATG8, a ubiquitin\u2010like protein, has emerged as a central marker and key effector of plasmodial autophagy. Its branched localization and association with the relict plastid (apicoplast) membrane indicate roles beyond canonical degradative autophagy, particularly in organelle maintenance and biogenesis. ATG7, an essential E1\u2010like enzyme, activates ATG8 and facilitates its lipidation, thereby regulating organelle turnover and development. This process is further supported by a conserved conjugation system involving ATG3 (E2\u2010like enzyme) and the ATG12, ATG5, ATG16 complex, functioning as a ligase to enable ATG8 membrane association. ATG4, a cysteine protease, is critical for recycling lipidated ATG8 and maintaining its cytosolic pool, while the homolog Otu can partially compensate for its function. ATG18 also plays an important role in apicoplast biogenesis and maintenance. Collectively, these findings highlight both canonical and non\u2010canonical roles of autophagy proteins in\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                    , driving metabolic reprogramming, intracellular remodeling, and stage\u2010specific differentiation, and support their potential as targets for new antimalarial therapies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.70096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T05:52:52Z","timestamp":1784526772000},"page":"301-309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Divergent Autophagy Pathways in\n                    <i>Plasmodium<\/i>\n                    : Mechanisms, Functions, and Therapeutic Potential"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"126","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7090-184X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suryansh","family":"Rajput","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology CSIR\u2010Central Drug Research Institute  Lucknow India"},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)  Ghaziabad India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8043-4682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pragya","family":"Mehra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology CSIR\u2010Central Drug Research Institute  Lucknow India"},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)  Ghaziabad India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3568-0069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rohini","family":"Nandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology CSIR\u2010Central Drug Research Institute  Lucknow India"},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)  Ghaziabad India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6929-766X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raksha","family":"Devi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology CSIR\u2010Central Drug Research Institute  Lucknow India"},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)  Ghaziabad India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9118-1139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eisha","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology CSIR\u2010Central Drug Research Institute  Lucknow India"},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)  Ghaziabad India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9867-4188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aastha","family":"Varshney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology CSIR\u2010Central Drug Research Institute  Lucknow India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8942-6416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satish","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology CSIR\u2010Central Drug Research Institute  Lucknow India"},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)  Ghaziabad India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00894-025-06303-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.14441"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01468-17"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2017.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-018-2532-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cervantes S. 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