{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T13:03:20Z","timestamp":1791378200002,"version":"4.3.2"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DO 2329\/3\u20101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DO 2329\/3\u20101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Actin superfamily members are critical for the biology of eukaryotes and archaea. Actin\u2010related proteins (Arps) are a subgroup within the actin superfamily and play essential roles in trafficking, replication and motility. The genome of the malaria parasite\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                    contains a set of Arps unique to apicomplexans, termed actin\u2010like proteins (Alps). However, the importance and specific roles of many of these Alps in\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                    progression are not yet understood. Here, we determined the functional contribution of\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium berghei<\/jats:italic>\n                    Alp3 and Alp5a (recently relabelled as Arp3) by generation of knock\u2010out (KO) lines and their subsequent characterisation across different life cycle stages. Deletion of either Alp did not affect blood stage growth, gametogenesis and ookinete gliding motility. However, deletion of Alp5a led to smaller and fewer oocysts as well as severely impaired sporozoite formation. The Alp3KO line had highly reduced oocyst loads compared to wild\u2010type parasites. This striking decrease was due to impaired ookinete penetration of the mosquito midgut epithelium. Our study shows that both Alp3 and Alp5a are indispensable for\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                    transmission at different steps of initial mosquito infection, provides insights into the role of specific unique members of the actin superfamily during parasite progression and the requirements for efficient midgut penetration.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.70108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T05:40:03Z","timestamp":1787377203000},"page":"451-461","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Plasmodium<\/i>\n                    Actin\u2010Like Proteins 3 and 5a Are Required for Subsequent Steps of Mosquito Infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Caroline","family":"Busse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry Justus Liebig University Giessen  Giessen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukino","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry Justus Liebig University Giessen  Giessen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Diers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry Justus Liebig University Giessen  Giessen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2305-4880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annika M.","family":"Binder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative Parasitology, Centre for Integrative Infectious Disease Research Heidelberg University Medical School  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8332-6668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Friedrich","family":"Frischknecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative Parasitology, Centre for Integrative Infectious Disease Research Heidelberg University Medical School  Heidelberg Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research DZIF, Partner Site Heidelberg  Heidelberg Germany"},{"name":"Excellence Cluster SynthImmune Heidelberg University  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0899-8456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ross G.","family":"Douglas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry Justus Liebig University Giessen  Giessen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2012.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkg081"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.260009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2004.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","unstructured":"Benedict M. Q. andE. M.Dotson.2015.\u201cMethods in Anopheles Research.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-1878(200007)22:7<666::AID-BIES9>3.0.CO;2-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28865-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.06.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2021.03.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.07.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202508250"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2015.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2005345"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2020.111347"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-6-179"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564\u2010025\u201002023\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw2619"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bb.25.060196.001033"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2006.53"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.9.2.7781919"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012788"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.160034"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.70263"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013467"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae241"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","first-page":"38","article-title":"Actin\u2010Related Proteins Localized in the Nucleus. From Discovery to Novel Roles in Nuclear Organization","volume":"2","author":"Oma Y.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nucleus"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku1143"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2010.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2023.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2016.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e15-11-0778"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a018267"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00692-20"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00139\u201017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013687"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.2025.\u201cWorld Malaria Report 2025: Addressing the Threat of Antimalarial Drug Resistance.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010025\u201009653\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010779"}],"container-title":["Molecular Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/mmi.70108","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/mmi.70108","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/mmi.70108","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T12:32:36Z","timestamp":1791376356000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/mmi.70108"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/mmi.70108"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mmi.70108","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-382X","1365-2958"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-382X","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2958","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-05-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}