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This is expected to improve swimming speed and directionality. Here, we found that deletion of\n                    <jats:italic>cetZ1<\/jats:italic>\n                    or expression of a GTPase\u2010defective mutant caused the expected defects in cell shape, and also resulted in a substantial defect in the assembly of the motility machinery, including the archaellum base marker protein ArlD1, the chemotaxis sensory array adapter CheW1, and signal transducer CheY. Interestingly, moderate overexpression of\n                    <jats:italic>cetZ1<\/jats:italic>\n                    (by 2\u20133 fold) reduced motility and the assembly and polar placement of the motility machinery without detectably affecting the rod shape of motile cells. We also investigated deletion of the conserved paralog\n                    <jats:italic>cetZ2<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which caused no detected defects in swimming or rod shape. However, overexpression of\n                    <jats:italic>cetZ2<\/jats:italic>\n                    caused mild hyper\u2010motility, whereas the\n                    <jats:italic>cetZ2<\/jats:italic>\n                    GTPase\u2010defective mutant reduced motility; these effects were dependent on the presence of\n                    <jats:italic>cetZ1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , suggesting that the altered\n                    <jats:italic>cetZ2<\/jats:italic>\n                    might interfere with CetZ1's role in motility. Finally, we saw that a functional CetZ1\u2010mTurquoise2 fusion strongly localized at the poles of mature motile cells, where it partially co\u2010localized with the motility machinery markers. Overall, our results suggest that roles of CetZ1 in cell shape or potentially the organisation and structure of the cell poles influence the polar assembly of the motility machinery.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.70109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T17:27:24Z","timestamp":1787074044000},"page":"433-450","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Archaeal Cytoskeletal Protein\n                    <scp>CetZ1<\/scp>\n                    Influences Assembly of the Motility Machinery"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"126","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0914-6650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah J.","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection (AIMI) University of Technology Sydney  Ultimo New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md Imtiazul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences (BABS) University of New South Wales  Kensington New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8994-5235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juanfang","family":"Ruan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences (BABS) University of New South Wales  Kensington New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Electron Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre UNSW Sydney  Kensington New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5839-6904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew A. B.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences (BABS) University of New South Wales  Kensington New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solenne","family":"Ithurbide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection (AIMI) University of Technology Sydney  Ultimo New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4868-7350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iain G.","family":"Duggin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection (AIMI) University of Technology Sydney  Ultimo New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2018.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02670-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.70.2.943-953.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1008451107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physrep.2015.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-53047-5_14"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.5.1735"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuaa006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201744070"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13010134"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1474697"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","article-title":"Archaeal Tubulin\u2010Like Proteins CetZ1 and CetZ2 Have Opposing Effects on Cell Morphology During the Growth Cycle of \n                     Haloferax volcanii","author":"Brown H. 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