{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T05:09:14Z","timestamp":1789103354578,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Microbiology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Although \u03b1\u20101,3\u2010glucan represents a major polymer in cell walls of filamentous plant pathogenic fungi, its role in vegetative and pathogenic development is poorly understood. The maize anthracnose fungus\n                    <jats:italic>Colletotrichum graminicola<\/jats:italic>\n                    differentiates elaborate appressoria on the leaf surface and exhibits a hemibiotrophic lifestyle after host invasion. Promoter\u2010eGFP\u2010fusion analyses of all three \u03b1\u20101,3\u2010glucan synthase (\n                    <jats:italic>AGS<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) genes, designated as\n                    <jats:italic>AGS1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>AGS2<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>AGS3<\/jats:italic>\n                    , suggest that\n                    <jats:italic>AGS3<\/jats:italic>\n                    is expressed in vegetative and pathogenic hyphae, whereas expression of\n                    <jats:italic>AGS1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>AGS2<\/jats:italic>\n                    was not, or barely, detectable. Targeted gene deletions yielded single and double deletion mutants, as well as triple mutants, which lacked the entire repertoire of \u03b1\u20101,3\u2010glucan synthase genes. Conidia of mutants lacking\n                    <jats:italic>AGS3<\/jats:italic>\n                    developed multiple germ tubes, and vegetative hyphae had cell walls containing strongly reduced amounts of alkali\u2010soluble glucose, showed hyperbranching, reduced growth rates on all substrata tested, and hypersensitivity to the cell wall\u2010perturbing agents Caspofungin and Nikkomycin Z. Moreover, mutants lacking\n                    <jats:italic>AGS3<\/jats:italic>\n                    exhibited strong virulence defects and, intriguingly, biotrophic hyphae of these mutants that differentiated\n                    <jats:italic>in planta<\/jats:italic>\n                    were severely misshapen. Increased cell wall pore diameters, increased mobility of uncharged dextran\u2010FITC conjugates through cell walls of\n                    <jats:italic>AGS3<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010deficient mutants and lack of PAMP\u2010triggered immune responses in maize leaves inoculated with these mutants suggest that \u03b1\u20101,3\u2010glucan does not play a role in masking of fungal cell walls and immune evasion, but rather controls mobility of fungal cell wall\u2010modifying enzymes and cell wall integrity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.70114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T05:05:34Z","timestamp":1789103134000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\u03b1\u20101,3\u2010Glucan Is Required for Cell Wall Integrity and Full Virulence of\n                    <i>Colletotrichum graminicola<\/i>\n                    , but Not for Evasion of\n                    <scp>PAMP<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Triggered Immunity"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5673-1441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iris","family":"Gase","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Institute for Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Chair for Phytopathology and Plant Protection Martin\u2010Luther\u2010University Halle\u2010Wittenberg  Halle (Saale) Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2429-5056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lala","family":"Aliyeva\u2010Schnorr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Institute for Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Chair for Phytopathology and Plant Protection Martin\u2010Luther\u2010University Halle\u2010Wittenberg  Halle (Saale) 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