{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T05:49:51Z","timestamp":1791352191289,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N93019C00040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N93019C00040"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Microbiology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Outer surface protein A (OspA)\u2010based Lyme disease vaccines elicit antibodies that inhibit transmission of infectious\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    spirochetes from ticks to humans, although the mechanism by which this occurs is unclear. Here we demonstrate using high\u2010resolution, single\u2010cell fluorescence video microscopy that\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    motility is arrested within minutes by human OspA\u2010specific monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal OspA antisera from mice immunized with a candidate OspA mRNA lipid nanoparticle vaccine.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.70122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:49:52Z","timestamp":1791348592000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rapid Motility Arrest of the Lyme Disease Spirochete,\n                    <i>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/i>\n                    , by Vaccine\u2010Induced\n                    <scp>OspA<\/scp>\n                    Antibodies"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7064-4239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ankita","family":"Bhattacharyya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center New York State Department of Health  Albany New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8596-0900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raymond","family":"Yau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Integrated Health Sciences University of Albany  Albany New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas M.","family":"Bartlett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Integrated Health Sciences University of Albany  Albany New York USA"},{"name":"Division of Molecular Genetics, Wadsworth Center New York State Department of Health  Albany New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5083-8640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Mantis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center New York State Department of Health  Albany New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Integrated Health Sciences University of Albany  Albany New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0254-z","article-title":"Cytotoxic Anti\u2010Circumsporozoite Antibodies Target Malaria Sporozoites in the Host Skin","volume":"3","author":"Aliprandini E.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00128-26","article-title":"OspA Antibodies Inhibit the In\u00a0Vitro Transmigration of \n                     Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"94","author":"Bhattacharyya A.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.mi.32.100178.000441","article-title":"Motility and Chemotaxis of Spirochetes","volume":"32","author":"Canale\u2010Parola E.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Annual Review of Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/0923-2508(92)90117-7","article-title":"Spirochete Chemotaxis, Motility, and the Structure of the Spirochetal Periplasmic Flagella","volume":"143","author":"Charon N. W.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Research in Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1995.53.397","article-title":"Growth and Migration of \n                     Borrelia burgdorferi\n                   in Ixodes Ticks During Blood Feeding","volume":"53","author":"De Silva A. M.","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3146","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.8.3146-3150.1997","article-title":"OspA Antibodies Inhibit the Acquisition of \n                     Borrelia burgdorferi\n                   by Ixodes Ticks","volume":"65","author":"Silva A. M.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.1.271","article-title":"Borrelia burgdorferi\n                   OspA Is an Arthropod\u2010Specific Transmission\u2010Blocking Lyme Disease Vaccine","volume":"183","author":"Silva A. M.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3652","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI39401","article-title":"Live Imaging Reveals a Biphasic Mode of Dissemination of \n                     Borrelia burgdorferi\n                   Within Ticks","volume":"119","author":"Dunham\u2010Ems S. M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-022-01507-1","article-title":"TrackMate 7: Integrating State\u2010Of\u2010The\u2010Art Segmentation Algorithms Into Tracking Pipelines","volume":"19","author":"Ershov D.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature Methods"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1908","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.5.1908-1915.1997","article-title":"Characterization of the Physiological Requirements for the Bactericidal Effects of a Monoclonal Antibody to OspB of \n                     Borrelia burgdorferi\n                   by Confocal Microscopy","volume":"65","author":"Escudero R.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2237407","article-title":"Protection of Mice Against the Lyme Disease Agent by Immunizing With Recombinant OspA","volume":"250","author":"Fikrig E.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5418","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.12.5418","article-title":"Elimination of \n                     Borrelia burgdorferi\n                   From Vector Ticks Feeding on OspA\u2010Immunized Mice","volume":"89","author":"Fikrig E.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-026-01451-7","article-title":"Monovalent and Multivalent OspA mRNA\u2010LNP Vaccines Elicit Functional Antibodies and Protect Against \n                     Borrelia burgdorferi\n                   in Mice","volume":"11","author":"Finn M. B.","year":"2026","journal-title":"npj Vaccines"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4137","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00416-08","article-title":"Inhibition of \n                     Salmonella enterica\n                   Serovar Typhimurium Motility and Entry Into Epithelial Cells by a Protective Antilipopolysaccharide Monoclonal Immunoglobulin A Antibody","volume":"76","author":"Forbes S. J.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01446\u201026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00306-22","article-title":"Agglutination of Borreliella Burgdorferi by Transmission\u2010Blocking OspA Monoclonal Antibodies and Monovalent Fab Fragments","volume":"90","author":"Frye A. M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.3.1644-1647.2005","article-title":"Interactions of OspA Monoclonal Antibody C3.78 With \n                     Borrelia burgdorferi\n                   Within Ticks","volume":"73","author":"Gipson C. L.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3433","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.8.3433","article-title":"Borrelia burgdorferi\n                   Swims With a Planar Waveform Similar to That of Eukaryotic Flagella","volume":"91","author":"Goldstein S. 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B.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.023","article-title":"A Monoclonal Antibody That Targets the Conserved Core\/Lipid A Region of Lipopolysaccharide Affects Motility and Reduces Intestinal Colonization of Both Classical and El Tor Vibrio Cholerae Biotypes","volume":"34","author":"Levinson K. J.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3584","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.8.3584","article-title":"Crystal Structure of Lyme Disease Antigen Outer Surface Protein A Complexed With an Fab","volume":"94","author":"Li H.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000090","article-title":"Real\u2010Time High Resolution 3D Imaging of the Lyme Disease Spirochete Adhering to and Escaping From the Vasculature of a Living Host","volume":"4","author":"Moriarty T. J.","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Pathogens"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0339749","article-title":"An Fc\u2010Silent OspA Monoclonal Antibody Passively Protects Mice From Tick and Intradermal \n                     Borrelia burgdorferi\n                   Challenge","volume":"21","author":"Palmer D.","year":"2026","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Phansalkar N. M.Sumit S.Ashish andJ.Madhuri.2011.\u201cAdaptive Local Thresholding for Detection of Nuclei in Diversity Stained Cytology Images.\u201d 2011 International Conference on Communications and Signal Processing. pp. 218\u2013220.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCSP.2011.5739305"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1086\/589862","article-title":"Vaccines: Correlates of Vaccine\u2010Induced Immunity","volume":"47","author":"Plotkin S. A.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000004537","article-title":"Do we Need a Lyme Disease Vaccine?","volume":"44","author":"Plotkin S. A.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.2.822-829.2003","article-title":"Does Host Complement Kill \n                     Borrelia burgdorferi\n                   Within Ticks?","volume":"71","author":"Rathinavelu S.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/167.1.165","article-title":"In Vitro Inhibition of \n                     Borrelia burgdorferi\n                   Growth by Antibodies","volume":"167","author":"Sadziene A.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.176.3.799","article-title":"Antibody\u2010Resistant Mutants of \n                     Borrelia burgdorferi\n                  : In\u00a0Vitro Selection and Characterization","volume":"176","author":"S\u0103dziene A.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI144843","article-title":"Blocking \n                     Borrelia burgdorferi\n                   Transmission From Infected Ticks to Nonhuman Primates With a Human Monoclonal Antibody","volume":"131","author":"Schiller Z. A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019","article-title":"Fiji: An Open\u2010Source Platform for Biological\u2010Image Analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schindelin J.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature Methods"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9330","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-64326-w","article-title":"Targeted Volume Imaging Reveals Early Vascular Interactions of Lyme Disease Pathogen in Skin","volume":"16","author":"Strnad M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00899-14","article-title":"Selective Association of Outer Surface Lipoproteins With the Lipid Rafts of \n                     Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"5","author":"Toledo A.","year":"2014","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2021.101782","article-title":"A Transwell Assay Method to Evaluate \n                     Borrelia burgdorferi\n                   Sensu Stricto Migratory Chemoattraction Toward Tick Saliva Proteins","volume":"12","author":"Van Gundy T. J.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ticks and Tick\u2010Borne Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw151","article-title":"Pre\u2010Exposure Prophylaxis With OspA\u2010Specific Human Monoclonal Antibodies Protects Mice Against Tick Transmission of Lyme Disease Spirochetes","volume":"214","author":"Wang Y.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00626-16","article-title":"Immunity Provided by an Outer Membrane Vesicle Cholera Vaccine Is due to O\u2010Antigen\u2010Specific Antibodies Inhibiting Bacterial Motility","volume":"85","author":"Wang Z.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013740","article-title":"Broadly Conserved Protective Epitopes on the Lyme Disease Vaccine Antigen, OspA","volume":"22","author":"Willsey G. G.","year":"2026","journal-title":"PLoS Pathogens"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115572","article-title":"A Brief History of OspA Vaccines Including Their Impact on Diagnostic Testing for Lyme Disease","volume":"102","author":"Wormser G. P.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease"}],"container-title":["Molecular Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/mmi.70122","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/mmi.70122","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/mmi.70122","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:50:02Z","timestamp":1791348602000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/mmi.70122"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/mmi.70122"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mmi.70122","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-382X","1365-2958"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-382X","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2958","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-07-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"mmi.70122"}}