{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T17:17:51Z","timestamp":1762276671846,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,24]],"date-time":"2014-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1411516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bsppjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Plant Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n A unique aminoglycoside antibiotic, kasugamycin (\n KSM<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), has been used to control many plant bacterial and fungal diseases in several countries. The emergence of\n KSM<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010resistant\n \n A<\/jats:styled-content>\n cidovorax avenae\n <\/jats:italic>\n ssp.\n avenae<\/jats:italic>\n and\n \n B<\/jats:styled-content>\n urkholderia glumae\n <\/jats:italic>\n , which cause rice bacterial brown stripe and rice bacterial grain and seedling rot, respectively, is a serious threat for the effective control of these diseases. Previously, we have identified the\n \n aac(2\u2032)\u2010\n IIa<\/jats:styled-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n gene, encoding a\n KSM<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2\n \u2032<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010\n \n N<\/jats:styled-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n \u2010acetyltransferase, from both\n KSM<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010resistant pathogens. Although all\n KSM<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010resistant isolates from both species possess the\n \n aac(2\u2032)\u2010\n IIa<\/jats:styled-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n gene, only\n \n A.\u2009<\/jats:styled-content>\n avenae\n <\/jats:italic>\n strain 83 showed higher resistance than other strains. In this research, kinetic analysis indicates that an amino acid substitution from serine to threonine at position 146 of\n AAC<\/jats:styled-content>\n (2\n \u2032<\/jats:italic>\n )\u2010\n IIa<\/jats:styled-content>\n in strain 83 is not involved in this increased resistance. Whole draft genome analysis of\n \n A.\u2009<\/jats:styled-content>\n avenae\n <\/jats:italic>\n 83 shows that the\n \n aac(2\u2032)\u2010\n IIa<\/jats:styled-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n gene is carried by the novel\n IncP<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101\u03b2 plasmid\n pAAA83<\/jats:styled-content>\n , whereas the genetic carrier of other strains, the\n IncP<\/jats:styled-content>\n genomic island, is inserted into their chromosomes. The difference in the nucleotides of the promoter region of\n \n aac(2\u2032)\u2010\n IIa<\/jats:styled-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n between strain 83 and other strains indicates an additional transcription start site and results in the increased transcription of\n \n aac(2\u2032)\u2010\n IIa<\/jats:styled-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n in strain 83. Moreover, biological characterization of\n pAAA83<\/jats:styled-content>\n demonstrates that it can be transferred by conjugation and maintained in the host cells. These results demonstrate that acquisition of the\n \n aac(2\u2032)\u2010\n IIa<\/jats:styled-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n gene takes place in at least two ways and that the gene module, which includes\n \n aac(2\u2032)\u2010\n IIa<\/jats:styled-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n and the downstream gene, may be an important unit for the dissemination of antibiotic resistance.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.12182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,18]],"date-time":"2014-08-18T07:07:05Z","timestamp":1408345625000},"page":"288-300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Two types of genetic carrier, the\n IncP<\/scp>\n genomic island and the novel\n IncP<\/scp>\n \u20101\u03b2 plasmid, for the\n \n aac(2\u2032)\u2010\n IIa<\/scp>\n <\/i>\n gene that confers kasugamycin resistance in\n \n A<\/scp>\n cidovorax avenae\n <\/i>\n ssp.\n avenae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Yoshii","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Laboratories Hokko Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Toda 2165 Atsugi Kanagawa 243\u20100023 Japan"},{"name":"Department of Applied Biological Sciences Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Saiwaicho 3\u20105\u20108 Fuchu Tokyo 183\u20108509 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsutomu","family":"Omatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Saiwaicho 3\u20105\u20108 Fuchu Tokyo 183\u20108509 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yukie","family":"Katayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Saiwaicho 3\u20105\u20108 Fuchu Tokyo 183\u20108509 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Koyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Saiwaicho 3\u20105\u20108 Fuchu Tokyo 183\u20108509 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Mizutani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Saiwaicho 3\u20105\u20108 Fuchu Tokyo 183\u20108509 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiromitsu","family":"Moriyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biological Sciences Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Saiwaicho 3\u20105\u20108 Fuchu Tokyo 183\u20108509 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshiyuki","family":"Fukuhara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biological Sciences Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Saiwaicho 3\u20105\u20108 Fuchu Tokyo 183\u20108509 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"29","volume-title":"Abstracts of the 15th Symposium of the Research Committee on Fungicide Resistance","author":"Abe H.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-09-10-0679"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11\u2009905","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)68491-7","article-title":"Evidence for two functional gal promoters in intact Escherichia coli cells","volume":"256","author":"Aiba H.","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. 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